Imawonetsetsa kukhazikika ndikuchepetsa phokoso mu ma PCB osanjikiza 12 pazizindikiro zomveka, kugwiritsa ntchito ma voliyumu apamwamba

Mabwalo ozungulira ndi msana wa chipangizo chilichonse chamagetsi, chothandizira kuyenda kwa zizindikiro ndi mphamvu. Komabe,Zikafika pamapangidwe ovuta monga matabwa a 12-wosanjikiza omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ma siginecha ovuta komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma voliyumu apamwamba, kukhazikika kwamagetsi ndi nkhani zaphokoso zitha kukhala zovuta. Mu positi iyi yabulogu, tifufuza njira zothetsera mavutowa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda bwino.

Kukhazikika kwamagetsi ndikofunikira pamabwalo amagetsi, chifukwa kusinthasintha kapena kusokoneza kungayambitse kusokonekera kapena kuwonongeka kosatha.Momwemonso, phokoso limatha kusokoneza kutumiza ma siginecha, kubweretsa zolakwika ndikuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito onse. Potsatira malangizowa, mutha kusintha magwiridwe antchito komanso kudalirika mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma board a zigawo 12 pazovuta.

1. Konzani bwino kagawidwe ka magetsi:Kugawa mphamvu moyenera ndikofunikira kuti pakhale bata komanso phokoso. Yambani ndikusanthula mosamala mphamvu za dera ndikukonza njira yogawa bwino. Dziwani madera ofunikira mphamvu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti apereka ndege zamagetsi kapena ma network ogawa magetsi. Kudzipatula kumeneku kumathandiza kuti phokoso likhale lochokera ku gawo limodzi losokoneza lina, potero kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa chivundi cha chizindikiro.

2. Konzani ma decoupling capacitor:Decoupling capacitor amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukhazikitsa mphamvu zamagetsi ndikuchepetsa phokoso. Ma capacitor awa amasunga mphamvu yamagetsi ndikuimasula panthawi yomwe ikufunidwa mwadzidzidzi, kuwonetsetsa kuti ma voltage akhazikika. Kuti muwongolere kulumikiza, ikani ma capacitor mwanzeru pafupi ndi mphamvu ndi zikhomo zapazigawo zomvera. Chisakanizo cha ma capacitor otsika komanso okwera mtengo mumaneti okonzedwa bwino amapereka kuwongolera kothandiza pamitundu yambiri.

3. Kuyika zinthu mosamala:Kuyika kwa zigawo ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri yochepetsera phokoso. Yambani ndikuyika zigawo zothamanga kwambiri, monga oscillator ndi mawotchi opangira mawotchi, pafupi ndi magetsi momwe mungathere. Zigawozi zimakhala zosavuta kumva phokoso, ndipo kuziyika pafupi ndi magetsi kumachepetsa mwayi wogwirizanitsa phokoso. Momwemonso, sungani zida zodziwikiratu kutali ndi zida zaphokoso, zowunikira zamphamvu kwambiri, kapena zinthu zina zomwe zingasokoneze.

4. Zolinga zakusanjika:Kukonzekera koyenera kwa masanjidwe ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse phokoso ndi nkhani zotengera mphamvu. Ganizirani zowonjezera mphamvu zodzipatulira ndi ndege zapansi pakati pa zigawo zazizindikiro kuti muwongolere kukhulupirika kwa ma siginecha ndikuchepetsa crosstalk. Kuphatikiza apo, kulekanitsa zolozera zamphamvu kwambiri kuchokera kumayendedwe owoneka bwino powayika pamagawo osiyanasiyana kumathandiza kupewa kulumikizana kwaphokoso. Mukazindikira masinthidwe abwino kwambiri a stack-up, ndizopindulitsa kugwira ntchito ndi wopanga PCB wodziwa zambiri.

5. Kapangidwe ka impedance:Kusagwirizana kwa impedance kumatha kuyambitsa zowunikira komanso kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito. Pakutumiza kwa ma signature tcheru, kuwongolera impedance kumakhala kofunikira. Onetsetsani kuti ma siginecha ali ndi m'lifupi moyenerera, katalikirana, ndi makulidwe amkuwa kuti mukwaniritse zomwe zimafunikira. Pokhala ndi zoletsa zoyendetsedwa mozungulira, mutha kuchepetsa kupotoza kwa ma sigino ndikuwongolera kukhulupirika kwa data.

6. Kutchinjiriza kothandiza kwa EMI/EMC:Electromagnetic interference (EMI) ndi electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) zingakhudze kwambiri magwiridwe antchito. Gwiritsani ntchito zotsekera zotsekera kuti muteteze zida zodziwikiratu kapena gwiritsani ntchito zitini zotetezedwa ndi zitsulo kuti muchepetse zotsatira za EMI. Kuonjezera apo, gwiritsani ntchito njira zoyenera zoyatsira pansi monga kuyika nyenyezi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ndege yapansi kuti muchepetse vuto la phokoso.

7. Kuyesa ndi kusanthula kwathunthu:Gulu lozungulira likapangidwa, kuyezetsa kwathunthu kumachitika kuti zitsimikizire momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Gwiritsani ntchito zida monga ma oscilloscopes, ma spectrum analyzers, ndi mapulogalamu owonetsetsa kuti muwunikire mtundu wazizindikiro, kukhazikika kwamphamvu, ndi kuchuluka kwa phokoso. Dziwani madera aliwonse okhudzidwa ndikusintha kapangidwe kanu moyenera. Kupyolera mu kuyesa kobwerezabwereza ndi kusanthula, mutha kukwaniritsa kukhazikika kwanu koyenera komanso phokoso.

Potsatira malangizowa, mutha kuthana bwino ndi kukhazikika kwamphamvu komanso phokoso pama board ozungulira 12-wosanjikiza, makamaka pakutumiza ma siginecha ozindikira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi. Kumbukirani kuti kukonzekera bwino, kugawa mphamvu moyenera, kuwongolera bwino, kuyika zinthu mwanzeru, ndi kusungitsa zinthu zimathandizira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti dera likuyenda bwino. Chifukwa chake, gwiritsani ntchito nthawi ndi khama m'malo awa kuti mupange mawonekedwe olimba komanso odalirika a PCB.