Zitsimikizo Zachilengedwe Zopanga Zosasunthika za PCB

Mawu Oyamba

Mu blog iyi, tiwona malamulo ofunikira azachilengedwe ndi ziphaso zomwe zimagwira ntchito pakupanga PCB yokhazikika, ndikuwunikira kufunikira kwake ndi mapindu ake.

M'dziko lopanga zinthu, kuzindikira zachilengedwe ndikofunikira.Izi zikugwira ntchito ku mafakitale onse, kuphatikiza kupanga makina osindikizira okhazikika.Kumvetsetsa ndi kutsatira malamulo a chilengedwe ndi ziphaso ndizofunika kwambiri kwa mabizinesi omwe akuyang'ana kuti apereke zinthu zapamwamba kwinaku akuchepetsa kukhudza kwawo chilengedwe.

1. Malamulo a chilengedwe opangira ma board okhwima

Kupanga kosasunthika kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala, monga mkuwa, epoxies, ndi fluxes.Kumvetsetsa ndi kutsatira malamulo a chilengedwe n'kofunika kwambiri kuti tichepetse kuopsa kwa zinthuzi pa chilengedwe.Malamulo ena ofunikira m'derali ndi awa:

a) Kuletsa Zinthu Zowopsa (RoHS):RoHS imaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga lead, mercury, cadmium ndi zinthu zina za brominated flame retardants pamagetsi (kuphatikiza ma PCB).Kutsata kwa RoHS kumawonetsetsa kuchepetsedwa kwa zinthu zovulaza mu ma PCB osasunthika ndikuchotsa zoopsa zomwe zingachitike paumoyo ndi chilengedwe.

b) Malangizo a Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE):The WEEE Directive ikufuna kuchepetsa zinyalala zamagetsi polimbikitsa kukonzanso ndi kutaya moyenera zida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi kumapeto kwa moyo wake.Opanga okhwima-flex ali ndi udindo wowonetsetsa kuti zinthu zawo zikutsatira malangizowa, kulola kuwongolera zinyalala moyenera.

c) Kulembetsa, Kuunika, Kuvomerezeka ndi Kuletsa Kwamankhwala (REACH):REACH imayang'anira kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kuwonekera kwa zinthu zama mankhwala kuti ziteteze thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe.Opanga okhwima akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zawo akutsatira mfundo za REACH ndikulimbikitsa njira zokhazikika zopangira.

2. Chitsimikizo Choyang'anira Zopanga Zachilengedwe

Kuphatikiza pa kutsata malamulo, kupeza ziphaso zopanga zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe ndi umboni wa kudzipereka kwa kampani pakuchita zinthu zokhazikika.Zina zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

a) ISO 14001: Chitsimikizochi chimachokera pamiyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe imafotokoza zofunikira pa kayendetsedwe kabwino ka chilengedwe.Kupeza satifiketi ya ISO 14001 kukuwonetsa kudzipereka kwa kampani pakuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu, kuchepetsa zinyalala komanso kupewa kuwononga chilengedwe.

b) UL 94: UL 94 ndiyomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yotentha kwambiri pazinthu zapulasitiki zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana.Kupeza certification ya UL 94 kumatsimikizira kuti zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabodi olimba-flex zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo chamoto, kuonetsetsa chitetezo chonse chazinthu ndikuchepetsa kuopsa kwamoto.

c) IPC-4101: Mafotokozedwe a IPC-4101 amafotokoza zofunikira ndi njira zoyesera zamagawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matabwa olimba.Kutsatira IPC-4101 kumawonetsetsa kuti magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga PCB yokhazikika amakwaniritsa miyezo yamakampani, zomwe zimathandizira kuwongolera komanso kudalirika kwazinthu zomaliza.

3. Ubwino wa malamulo a chilengedwe ndi chiphaso

Kutsatira malamulo a chilengedwe ndikupeza ziphaso zopanga PCB yokhazikika kumapereka maubwino ambiri.Izi zikuphatikizapo:

a) Mbiri yabwino:Makampani omwe amaika patsogolo udindo wa chilengedwe amapeza mbiri yabwino pakati pa makasitomala, mabwenzi, ndi okhudzidwa.Malamulo a chilengedwe ndi ziphaso zimawonetsa kudzipereka kuzinthu zokhazikika, kukopa makasitomala osamala zachilengedwe.

b) Kuwonjezeka kwa kukhazikika:Pochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowopsa, kulimbikitsa kubwezeretsedwanso ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa zinyalala, opanga okhwima-flex amathandizira kukhazikika kwamakampani opanga zamagetsi.Mchitidwewu umathandizira kusunga chuma ndikuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.

c) Kutsata Malamulo:Kutsatira malamulo a chilengedwe kumawonetsetsa kuti opanga ma PCB osasunthika amatsata malamulo ndikupewa zilango, chindapusa kapena milandu yomwe ingachitike chifukwa chakusamvera.

Mapeto

Mwachidule, kumvetsetsa ndi kutsatira malamulo a chilengedwe ndi ziphaso ndizofunika kwambiri kwa opanga okhwima-flex.Kutsatira malamulo monga RoHS, WEEE ndi REACH kumatsimikizira kuchepetsedwa kwa zinthu zowopsa komanso kulimbikitsa njira zokhazikika zopangira.Kupeza ziphaso monga ISO 14001, UL 94 ndi IPC-4101 kumasonyeza kudzipereka kwa kampani pa udindo wa chilengedwe komanso kumapereka chitsimikizo cha khalidwe lazogulitsa ndi chitetezo.Poika patsogolo chidziwitso cha chilengedwe, makampani angathandize kuti tsogolo lobiriwira, lokhazikika la kupanga zamagetsi.