Kukhulupirika kwa ma Signal ndi gawo lofunikira pamapangidwe a PCB, makamaka ma PCB okhazikika. Mapulani apaderawa amapereka kusinthasintha ndi kudalirika komwe kumafunikira pazida zamakono zamakono zamakono. Komabe, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kovutirapo, kuwonetsetsa kuti siginecha yolondola pamipangidwe yokhazikika ya PCB imatha kukhala yovuta.
Mu positi iyi yabulogu, tikambirana zinthu zofunika kuziganizira komanso masitepe omwe akukhudzidwa powerengera kukhulupirika kwa siginecha pamapangidwe okhwima a PCB.
1. Kumvetsetsa zofunikira za kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro
Kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro kumatanthawuza mtundu wa ma siginecha amagetsi akamadutsa pa PCB. Zimaphatikizapo kusanthula ndi kuyang'anira zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingakhudze magwiridwe antchito azizindikiro, monga kutsekereza, phokoso, crosstalk, ndi zowunikira.
Kwa ma PCB osinthasintha omwe amaphatikiza magawo olimba komanso osinthika, kukhulupirika kwa ma sign kumakhala kofunika kwambiri. Kusintha pakati pa magawo okhwima ndi osinthika kumatha kuyambitsa kusintha kwa ma impedance, kuchepetsa ma siginecha, ndi zovuta zina za kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro.
2. Dziwani zizindikiro zazikulu
Gawo loyamba pakuwerengera kukhulupirika kwa ma siginecha ndikuzindikira ma siginecha ovuta pamapangidwe okhazikika a PCB. Zizindikirozi ndizomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kukhulupirika kwa ma sigino ndipo zingaphatikizepo ma siginolo othamanga kwambiri, mawotchi, ma siginecha otumiza mphamvu, kapena chizindikiro china chilichonse chofunikira kuti chipangizocho chizigwira ntchito moyenera.
Mwa kuyang'ana pa zizindikiro zovuta, mukhoza kuika patsogolo kusanthula ndi kuchepetsa nkhani za kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro.
3. Unikani kuwongolera kwa impedance
Kuwongolera kwa impedance ndikofunikira kuti musunge kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro. Imawonetsetsa kuti kusokoneza kwa chizindikiro kumafanana ndi kulepheretsa kwa mzere wotumizira womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mu ma PCB okhwima, kusintha kwa impedance kumatha kuchitika pakusintha pakati pa magawo olimba komanso osinthika.
Kuti muwerengere zolepheretsa ndikutsimikizira kuwongolera kwake, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chowerengera cholepheretsa, chida chofananira, kapena funsani chikalata choperekedwa ndi wopanga PCB. Mwa kuwerengera molondola ndikuwongolera kutsekeka, zowunikira zazizindikiro zitha kuchepetsedwa, kuwonetsetsa kuti ma siginecha akuyenda bwino.
4. Yezerani ndi kusanthula umphumphu wa chizindikiro
Simulation ndi chida champhamvu chowunikira kukhulupirika kwa ma siginali pamapangidwe a PCB. Pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apadera, mutha kutengera mawonekedwe a ma sigino ndikuzindikira zovuta zomwe zingachitike musanayambe kupanga.
Kuyerekeza kungakuthandizeni kuwunika magawo monga chithunzi cha diso, kuchuluka kwa zolakwika pang'ono, ndi malire a chizindikiro. Zimakupatsani mwayi kuyesa zochitika zosiyanasiyana, kukhathamiritsa kutsatira, ndikutsimikizira zomwe mwasankha.
5. Chepetsani kukambirana
Crosstalk imachitika pamene ma siginecha amasokonezana chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwamagetsi pakati pa ma conductor oyandikana. Mu ma PCB okhwima, kuyang'anira crosstalk kumakhala kovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kuyandikira kwa ma conductor m'dera losinthasintha.
Kuti muchepetse kuphatikizika, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira monga kukulitsa katalikirana pakati pa mayendedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito ndege zapansi kapena zamagetsi ngati zishango, kuwonjezera zida zodzipatula, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendetsedwa ndi impedance.
6. Ganizirani zizindikiro zosiyana
Kusiyanitsa kosiyana ndi luso lamakono lothandizira kufalitsa deta mofulumira kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro ziwiri zowonjezera za matalikidwe ofanana koma mosiyana ndi polarity, zimapereka chitetezo cha phokoso ndikuchepetsa mwayi wa kuwonongeka kwa chizindikiro.
M'mapangidwe okhwima a PCB, kugwiritsa ntchito magulu awiri osiyana kumathandiza kusunga kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro ndikuchepetsa kusokonezedwa ndi ma elekitiroma. Komabe, kusamala kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti kuwonetsetse kuti kusagwirizana koyenera komanso kuwongolera kuwongolera pakati pa awiriawiri osiyana.
7. Onetsetsani mobwerezabwereza kapangidwe kake
Kutsimikizira kapangidwe kake ndi njira yobwerezabwereza yomwe imaphatikizapo kuyerekeza, kusanthula, ndi kuyesa kamangidwe ka PCB mobwerezabwereza. Zimathandiza kuzindikira ndi kuthetsa nkhani za kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za mapangidwe.
Popanga ndemanga zingapo zamapangidwe, kuyerekezera kukhulupirika kwa ma siginecha, ndi kuyesa kwa ma prototype, mutha kuwonetsetsa kuti kapangidwe kanu kolimba ka PCB kakukwaniritsa zomwe zimafunikira.
Powombetsa mkota
Kuwerengera kukhulupirika kwa mawonekedwe a PCB yokhazikika yokhazikika kumaphatikizapo kumvetsetsa zovuta zake zapadera, kusanthula ma siginecha ofunikira, kuwongolera kutsekeka, kuchepetsa kufalikira, ndikutsimikizira kapangidwe kake. Potsatira masitepe awa ndi zida zoyeserera ndi njira zotsimikizira, mutha kuwonetsetsa kuti siginecha ikuwoneka bwino pamapangidwe okhazikika a PCB.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-19-2023
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