Momwe mungapangire bwino PCB yokhala ndi chitetezo cha EMI/EMC

M'dziko lomwe likusintha nthawi zonse lazamagetsi, PCB (Printed Circuit Board) yokhala ndi chitetezo cha EMI/EMC (Electromagnetic Interference/Electromagnetic Compatibility) ikukhala yofunika kwambiri. Zishango izi zidapangidwa kuti zichepetse ma radiation a electromagnetic ndi phokoso lopangidwa ndi zida zamagetsi, kuwonetsetsa kuti zikugwira ntchito moyenera komanso kuti zikutsatira malamulo oyendetsera ntchito.

Komabe, mainjiniya ambiri komanso okonda kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi amavutika kuti akwaniritse chitetezo cha EMI/EMC panthawi ya PCB prototyping stage.Mu positi iyi yabulogu, tikambirana njira zomwe zimakhudzidwa popanga bwino PCB yokhala ndi chitetezo cha EMI/EMC, kukupatsirani chidziwitso chofunikira kuthana ndi zovuta zilizonse zomwe mungakumane nazo.

1. Kumvetsetsa EMI/EMC kuteteza

Choyamba, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mfundo zoyambira za EMI/EMC kuteteza. EMI imatanthawuza mphamvu yamagetsi yosafunikira yomwe ingasokoneze kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake ka zida zamagetsi, pomwe EMC imatanthawuza kuthekera kwa chipangizo kugwira ntchito mkati mwa chilengedwe chake popanda kusokoneza.

Kuteteza kwa EMI/EMC kumaphatikizapo njira ndi zida zomwe zimathandizira kuletsa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi kuyenda ndikuyambitsa kusokoneza. Kuteteza kungapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zopangira, monga zojambula zachitsulo kapena utoto wopangira, zomwe zimapanga chotchinga kuzungulira msonkhano wa PCB.

2. Sankhani zotchinga zoyenera

Kusankha zinthu zotchinjiriza zoyenera ndikofunikira pachitetezo champhamvu cha EMI/EMC. Zida zotetezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri zimaphatikizapo mkuwa, aluminiyumu ndi chitsulo. Copper ndi yotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha kayendedwe kabwino ka magetsi. Komabe, zinthu zina ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha zipangizo zotetezera, monga mtengo, kulemera ndi kuphweka kwa kupanga.

3. Konzani masanjidwe a PCB

Pa PCB prototyping siteji, chigawo kuyika ndi orientation ayenera kuganiziridwa mosamala. Kukonzekera koyenera kwa PCB kumatha kuchepetsa mavuto a EMI/EMC. Kuyika pamodzi zigawo zothamanga kwambiri ndikuzilekanitsa kuchokera kuzinthu zodziwika bwino kumathandiza kupewa kugwirizana kwa electromagnetic.

4. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zoyambira pansi

Njira zokhazikitsira pansi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuchepetsa zovuta za EMI/EMC. Kuyika pansi koyenera kumatsimikizira kuti zigawo zonse za PCB zikugwirizana ndi malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, motero kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha malupu apansi ndi kusokoneza phokoso. Ndege yolimba yapansi iyenera kupangidwa pa PCB ndi zigawo zonse zofunikira zolumikizidwa nayo.

5. Gwiritsani ntchito luso lotetezera

Kuphatikiza pa kusankha zida zoyenera, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotchinjiriza ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse zovuta za EMI/EMC. Njirazi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kutchingira pakati pa mabwalo okhudzidwa, kuyika zinthu zina m'malo otchingidwa ndi pansi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zitini zotchingidwa kapena zotchingira kuti mupatule zida zodziwikiratu.

6. Konzani kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro

Kusunga umphumphu wa chizindikiro ndikofunikira kuti mupewe kusokonezedwa ndi ma elekitiroma. Kukhazikitsa njira zoyenera zoyendetsera ma siginecha, monga kusanja ma siginecha ndi njira zowongolera zoletsa, zitha kuthandizira kuchepetsa kutsika kwa ma siginecha chifukwa cha mphamvu zamagetsi zakunja.

7. Yesani ndikubwerezabwereza

Pambuyo pakusonkhanitsidwa kwa PCB, machitidwe ake a EMI/EMC ayenera kuyesedwa. Njira zosiyanasiyana, monga kuyezetsa utsi ndi kuyezetsa kutengeka, zingathandize kuwunika momwe ukadaulo wotetezera womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutengera zotsatira za mayeso, kubwereza kofunikira kumatha kupangidwa kuti chitetezo chitetezeke bwino.

8. Gwiritsani ntchito zida za EDA

Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi zamagetsi (EDA) kumatha kufewetsa njira yowonera ma PCB ndikuthandizira kuteteza EMI/EMC. Zida za EDA zimapereka mphamvu monga electromagnetic field simulation, kusanthula kukhulupirika kwa ma siginecha, ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa magawo, kulola mainjiniya kuzindikira zovuta zomwe zingachitike ndikuwongolera mapangidwe awo asanapange.

Powombetsa mkota

Kupanga ma prototypes a PCB okhala ndi chitetezo chogwira ntchito cha EMI/EMC ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kugwira ntchito moyenera komanso kutsata miyezo yoyendetsera.Pomvetsetsa mfundo zazikuluzikulu za chitetezo cha EMI/EMC, kusankha zida zoyenera, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida za EDA, mainjiniya ndi ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi amatha kuthana ndi zovuta za gawo lofunikirali la chitukuko cha PCB. Chifukwa chake landirani izi ndikuyamba ulendo wanu wa PCB molimba mtima!