Ma prototyping board board (PCB) okhala ndi makumbukidwe othamanga kwambiri amatha kukhala ntchito yovuta. Okonza nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zovuta kuti atsimikizire kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro, kuchepetsa phokoso, ndi kukwaniritsa ntchito yothamanga kwambiri. Komabe, ndi njira ndi zida zoyenera, ndizotheka kuthana ndi zovutazi ndikuchita bwino ma PCB pamakina othamanga kwambiri.
Mu positi iyi yabulogu, tiwona njira zingapo ndi njira zabwino zowonera PCB pogwiritsa ntchito malo okumbukira kwambiri. Tidzakambirana za kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro, kuchepetsa phokoso, ndi kufunikira kosankha zigawo zoyenera. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tilowe m'dziko lamasewera othamanga kwambiri!
Phunzirani za kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro
Kukhulupirika kwa ma Signal kumakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga mawonekedwe othamanga kwambiri. Zimatanthawuza mtundu wa ma siginecha amagetsi akudutsa muzotsatira za PCB ndi zolumikizira. Kuti muwonetsetse kukhulupirika kwa ma signature, ndikofunikira kulingalira zinthu monga kufananiza kwa impedance, njira zochotsera, ndi njira zowongolera za impedance.
Kufananiza kosokoneza ndikofunikira kuti tipewe zowunikira zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa data ndi nthawi. Zimaphatikizapo kupanga chingwe chotumizira ndi cholepheretsa chomwe chimagwirizana ndi gwero ndi zolepheretsa katundu. Zida zamapulogalamu monga Altium Designer ndi Cadence Allegro zitha kuthandizira kuwerengera ndi kusanthula mikhalidwe yazovuta zazovuta.
Tekinoloje yothetsa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa mawonetseredwe azizindikiro ndikuwonetsetsa kutembenuka kwazizindikiro koyera. Njira zodziwika zothetsera zikuphatikizapo kuthetseratu mndandanda, kuthetseratu kofanana, ndi kuthetsa zosiyana. Kusankhidwa kwa njira yothetsera kumadalira mawonekedwe enieni a kukumbukira ndi khalidwe lofunika la chizindikiro.
Kuwongolera kwa impedance kumaphatikizapo kusungitsa m'lifupi mwake, kutalikirana, ndi kusanjika kosanjikizana kuti mukwaniritse mtengo wina wolepheretsa. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamakumbukidwe othamanga kwambiri chifukwa zimathandizira kuchepetsa kutsika kwa ma sign ndi kusunga kukhulupirika kwa ma sign.
Chepetsani phokoso
Phokoso ndi mdani wamakumbukidwe othamanga kwambiri. Ikhoza kuwononga deta, kuyambitsa zolakwika, ndi kusokoneza machitidwe onse. Kuti muchepetse phokoso, njira zoyenera zokhazikitsira pansi, ma capacitor odulira, komanso kusanthula kwamphamvu kwamagetsi ndizofunikira.
Njira zopangira pansi zimaphatikizapo kupanga ndege yolimba komanso kuchepetsa malo ozungulira. Ndege yolimba yapansi imathandizira kuletsa phokoso lopangidwa ndi zigawo zoyandikana ndikuchepetsa crosstalk. Malo ozungulira pansi ayenera kuchepetsedwa popanga malumikizano apansi a mfundo imodzi pazigawo zonse.
Ma decoupling capacitor amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti atenge phokoso lambiri komanso kukhazikika kwamagetsi. Kuyika ma decoupling capacitor pafupi ndi tchipisi tokumbukira zothamanga kwambiri ndi zida zina zofunika ndizofunikira kuti pakhale mphamvu zoyera ndikuchepetsa phokoso.
Kusanthula kwa umphumphu wa mphamvu kumathandizira kuzindikira zovuta zomwe zingagawidwe mphamvu. Zida monga SIwave, PowerSI, ndi HyperLynx zimapereka kuthekera koyerekeza kusanthula netiweki yamagetsi ndikuzindikira madera omwe akufunika kusinthidwa kuti agwire bwino ntchito.
Kusankha zigawo
Kusankha zida zoyenera zopangira mawonekedwe othamanga kwambiri ndikofunikira. Zigawo zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zamagetsi ndi nthawi yake ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kutumiza kwa data kodalirika komanso kolondola. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu posankha zigawo zikuphatikizapo:
1. Chip Memory:Dziwani tchipisi tokumbukira tomwe timapangidwira kuti tizilumikizana ndi liwiro lalikulu ndikupereka mphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito. Zosankha zodziwika zikuphatikiza DDR4, DDR5, LPDDR4 ndi LPDDR5.
2. Zolumikizira:Gwiritsani ntchito zolumikizira zapamwamba zomwe zimatha kunyamula ma siginecha othamanga kwambiri popanda kuchititsa kuti ma sign achepetse. Onetsetsani kuti zolumikizira zili ndi kutayika kochepa, kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kuchita bwino kwa EMI.
3. Chipangizo cha wotchi:Sankhani chipangizo cha wotchi chomwe chingapereke chizindikiro chokhazikika komanso cholondola. Ma jenereta a mawotchi opangidwa ndi PLL kapena ma oscillator a kristalo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizirana mothamanga kwambiri.
4. Zosasintha:Sankhani zinthu zomwe zimangokhala ngati resistors, capacitors, ndi inductors zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za impedance, capacitance, ndi inductance values.
Zida za Prototyping ndi Njira
Tsopano popeza takambirana zofunikira pakupanga makumbukidwe othamanga kwambiri, ndi nthawi yoti mufufuze zida ndi njira zopangira ma PCB. Zida ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndizo:
1. PCB mapangidwe mapulogalamu:Gwiritsani ntchito mapulogalamu apamwamba a PCB monga Altium Designer, Cadence Allegro, kapena Eagle kuti mupange masanjidwe a PCB. Zida zamapulogalamuwa zimapereka malamulo othamanga kwambiri, zowerengera za impedance, ndi kuthekera koyerekeza kuti zitsimikizire kukhulupirika kwazizindikiro.
2. Zida zoyesera zothamanga kwambiri:Gwiritsani ntchito zida zoyesera zothamanga kwambiri monga ma oscilloscopes, zowunikira zowerengera, ndi majenereta azizindikiro kuti mutsimikizire ndikusintha mawonekedwe a kukumbukira. Zida zimenezi zimathandiza kujambula ndi kusanthula zizindikiro, kuyeza kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro, ndi kuzindikira mavuto.
3. PCB Manufacturing Services:Gwirizanani ndi ntchito zodalirika zopanga PCB zomwe zimagwira ntchito yothamanga kwambiri komanso yolimba kwambiri ya PCB. Opanga awa amatsimikizira kulondola, kulondola komanso khalidwe pakupanga ma prototype.
4. Kuyerekezera kukhulupirika kwa ma Signal:Gwiritsani ntchito zida monga HyperLynx, SIwave, kapena Cadence Sigrity kuti muyese kukhulupirika kwa siginecha kuti mutsimikizire kapangidwe kake, kuzindikira zovuta zomwe zingachitike, ndikuwongolera njira kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa ma sign.
Pogwiritsa ntchito zida ndi njirazi, mutha kukulitsa kwambiri chiwongolero cha zoyeserera zanu zothamanga kwambiri zamakumbukidwe. Kumbukirani kubwereza, kuyesa, ndi kukhathamiritsa mapangidwe anu kuti mugwire bwino ntchito.
Pomaliza
Kupanga ndi kujambula PCB yokhala ndi mawonekedwe othamanga kwambiri kumatha kukhala ntchito yovuta. Komabe, pomvetsetsa mfundo zaumphumphu wa chizindikiro, kuchepetsa phokoso, kusankha zigawo zoyenera, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida ndi njira zoyenera zowonetsera, mukhoza kuonetsetsa kuti mukukwaniritsa bwino.
Zolingalira monga kufananitsa kwa ma impedance, njira zoyimitsa, kuwongolera kopingasa, kukhazikika koyenera, ma capacitor odulira, komanso kusanthula kwamphamvu kwamagetsi ndikofunikira kuti tikwaniritse kukhulupirika kwazizindikiro ndikuchepetsa phokoso. Kusankha mosamala zigawo ndi mgwirizano ndi wopanga wodalirika wa PCB ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mukwaniritse mawonekedwe okumbukira bwino kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, khalani ndi nthawi yokonzekera, kupanga, ndikuwonetsa mawonekedwe anu othamanga kwambiri a PCB, ndipo mudzakhala okonzeka kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamakina amakono amagetsi. Wodala prototyping!
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-28-2023
Kubwerera
