Mastering Controlled Impedans Design of PCB Boards

Tsegulani:

Masiku ano ukadaulo wothamanga kwambiri, kapangidwe ka PCB kamakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso kukhulupirika kwazizindikiro. Mbali yofunikira pakupanga kwa PCB ndikuwongolera koyendetsedwa, komwe kumatanthawuza kuthekera kosunga kukana koyenera mudera.Mubulogu iyi, tikuwunika kuthekera kwa kapangidwe kazinthu zowongolera pama board a PCB komanso momwe Capel, mtsogoleri wodalirika wamakampani omwe ali ndi zaka 15, amatengera luso lake lamphamvu kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zabwino.

Phunzirani za kapangidwe ka impedance:

Kuwongolera kwa impedance koyendetsedwa ndikofunikira pamapulogalamu othamanga kwambiri chifukwa kumatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito komanso moyo wautali wa zida zamagetsi. Impedans ndi kukana komwe dera limapereka pakuyenda kwa alternating current (AC). Zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakufananiza mawonekedwe azizindikiro pakati pa zigawo, kuchepetsa kupotoza kwa ma siginecha, ndikuwonetsetsa kutumizidwa kwa data moyenera.

Kufunika koyendetsedwa ndi impedance design:

M'mabwalo ozungulira a PCB, kusungitsa chitetezo chowongolera ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kuwonongeka kwa ma siginecha chifukwa cha kusagwirizana. Pamene impedance sichiyendetsedwa bwino, kusinkhasinkha ndi kusokonezeka kwa chizindikiro kumatha kuchitika, kumayambitsa katangale wa data ndipo pamapeto pake kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito amagetsi onse.

Kukhulupirika kwa siginecha ndikofunikira kwambiri pamapulogalamu othamanga kwambiri monga ma data, ma telecommunication ndi zamagetsi ogula. Kulephera kukwaniritsa zowongolera kungayambitse kutsika kwamitengo ya data, kuchuluka kwa zolakwika, ndi nkhani za EMI, zomwe zimakhudza kudalirika kwathunthu ndi mtundu wazinthu.

Ukadaulo wowongolera wa Capel:

Ndi zaka zopitilira 15 mumakampani opanga ma boardboard, Capel wakhala mnzake wodalirika pazosowa zovuta za PCB. Ukadaulo wamphamvu wa kampaniyo komanso kudzipereka kwake popereka zabwino kwambiri kwawapanga kukhala akatswiri pamapangidwe owongolera a impedance.

Kudziwa bwino kwa Capel pamiyezo yamakampani monga IPC-2221, IPC-2141 ndi IPC-2251 imawalola kupanga matabwa ozungulira a PCB ndi chidwi chapadera pakuwongolera kwamphamvu. Amamvetsetsa zovuta za mizere yotumizira, zida za dielectric, kutalika kwa njanji, masitayilo, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza kulephera.

Capel's Controlled Impedans Design Njira:

Kuti akwaniritse mapangidwe owongolera, Capel amagwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba zamapulogalamu kuti ayese, kusanthula ndi kukhathamiritsa masanjidwe a PCB. Pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yoyeserera ya 3D EM, zida zowunikira kukhulupirika kwa ma sign ndi zowerengera za impedance, Capel imawonetsetsa kuti ma board a PCB opangidwa amawonetsa mawonekedwe osasinthika.

Akatswiri aluso a Capel amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuti athe kuwongolera zovuta. Amapanga mosamala mizere yotumizira anthu, poganizira kutalika kwake, m'lifupi, ndi kusinthasintha kwa dielectric kwa zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, amagwiritsa ntchito awiriawiri osiyanitsa omwe ali ndi zopinga zofananira kuti achepetse crosstalk ndikuwonetsetsa kufalitsa kolondola.

Njira zowongolera bwino za Capel zimaphatikizanso kuyezetsa mozama kwa impedance panthawi yonse yopanga. Amagwiritsa ntchito zida zolondola kwambiri za TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) kuti zitsimikizire zamtengo wapatali ndikusunga milingo yofunikira.

Ubwino wa Capel controlled impedance design:

Pogwirizana ndi Capel pamapangidwe oyendetsedwa ndi impedance, makasitomala amapeza zabwino zingapo:

1. Kupititsa patsogolo kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro:Ukatswiri wa Capel umatsimikizira kuti kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro kumasungidwa, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kusokonezeka kwa ma sign ndi katangale wa data.
2. Kuchita bwino kwambiri:Kuwongolera kolondola kwa impedance kumatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa data, kuchepetsa zolakwika, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito onse a zida zamagetsi.
3. Kudalirika kowonjezereka:Pochotsa kusagwirizana kwa ma impedance ndikuwonetsa ma siginecha, mapangidwe a Capel amathandizira kudalirika kwazinthu ndikuchepetsa mwayi wolephera kapena kulephera.
4. Kuchepetsa EMI:Kuwongolera koyenera kumathandizira kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwamagetsi (EMI) ndikuwongolera kutsata kwa EMC (kufanana kwamagetsi).
5. Nthawi yofulumira yogulitsa:Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba zamapulogalamu ndi njira zowongoleredwa za Capel zimafulumizitsa nthawi yofunikira pakupanga ndi kupanga kwa PCB, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malonda ayambitsidwe mwachangu.

Pomaliza:

Kapangidwe ka impedance yoyendetsedwa ndi gawo lofunikira pama board ozungulira a PCB kuti zitsimikizire kukhulupirika ndi magwiridwe antchito. Pokhala ndi zaka 15 zachidziwitso komanso ukadaulo wamphamvu, Capel wakhala mnzake wokondedwa wamakampaniwo kuti amalize mwaluso zofunikira zamapangidwe a impedance. Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba zamapulogalamu komanso kusamalitsa mwatsatanetsatane, Capel imapereka ma board apamwamba kwambiri a PCB omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira zowongolera zoletsa. Khulupirirani Capel kuti apititse patsogolo ukadaulo wawo kuti atsogolere makina anu apakompyuta kuti apambane pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsogola zotsogola.