Silkscreen, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti nthano ya solder mask, ndi zolemba kapena zizindikilo zomwe zimasindikizidwa pa PCB pogwiritsa ntchito inki yapadera kuzindikira zigawo, zolumikizirana, ma logo amtundu komanso kuthandizira kusonkhana. Pokhala ngati mapu owongolera kuchuluka kwa anthu a PCB ndikuwongolera zolakwika, gawo lapamwambali limakhala ndi gawo lodziwika bwino lokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito, kuyika chizindikiro, mayendedwe amachitidwe ndi kukongola.
Ntchito Zofunika.
Pamabwalo owundana omwe amakhala ndi mphindi mazanamazana, nthanoyi imathandizira kuzindikira kulumikizana komwe kumayendera zida.
1. Chizindikiritso cha Chigawo
Nambala za magawo (10K, 0.1uF) ndi zizindikiro za polarity (- +) zimalembedwa pambali pa mapepala omwe amathandiza kuzindikira mwamsanga pamene akusonkhanitsa pamanja, kuyang'anira ndi kukonza zolakwika.
2. Zambiri za Board
Tsatanetsatane ngati nambala ya PCB, mtundu, wopanga, ntchito yama board (mawu amplifier, magetsi) nthawi zambiri amawunikiridwa ndi silika kuti atsatire ndikuwongolera ma board.
3. Cholumikizira Pinouts
Manambala a mapini olumikizidwa ndi nthano imathandizira kuyika zolumikizira zingwe kuti zigwirizane ndi zolumikizira zapaboard (USB, HDMI).
4. Mauthenga a Bolodi
Mizere yodulira m'mphepete yokhazikika bwino imawonetsa kukula, mawonekedwe ndi ma boarder omwe amathandizira kuyika ndikuchotsa.
5. Zolembera za Assembly Aids Fiducials pafupi ndi mabowo opangira zida zimakhala ngati ziro zolozera pamakina ongosankha ndikuyika makina kuti azidzaza bwino zigawo zake.
6. Thermal Indicators Mtundu kusintha kutentha tcheru nthano akhoza zowoneka mbendera kutenthedwa nkhani pa akuthamanga matabwa.
7. Ma Logos a Branding Elements, ma taglines ndi zizindikiro zojambulidwa zimathandiza kuzindikira ma OEM a chipangizo chomwe chimathandizira kuzindikirika kwa mtundu. Nthano zamaluso zimawonjezeranso kukongola.
Ndi miniaturization yomwe imathandizira magwiridwe antchito ochulukirapo pa inchi imodzi, zowunikira za silkscreen zimatsogolera ogwiritsa ntchito ndi mainjiniya pa moyo wonse wa PCB.
Zomanga ndi Zida
Silkscreen imakhala ndi inki yochokera ku epoxy yosindikizidwa pamwamba pa chigoba cha solder kulola maziko obiriwira a PCB kuti apereke kusiyana pansi. Kupereka malingaliro akuthwa kuchokera ku data ya gerber yotembenuzidwa ndi CAD, makina osindikizira apadera, inkjet kapena njira zojambula zithunzi zimasindikiza nthano.
Katundu monga kukana kwa mankhwala / abrasion, kukhazikika kwa mtundu, kumamatira ndi kusinthasintha kumatsimikizira kuyenerera kwa zinthu:
Epoxy -Zofala kwambiri pamtengo, zogwirizana ndi ndondomeko
Silicone - Imapirira kutentha kwakukulu
Polyurethane-Yosinthika, yosagwirizana ndi UV
Epoxy-Polyester - Phatikizani mphamvu za epoxy ndi polyester
Choyera ndi mtundu wamba wamba wokhala ndi zakuda, buluu, zofiira ndi zachikasu zomwe zimatchukanso. Makina osankha ndi malo okhala ndi makamera oyang'ana pansi koma amakonda masks oyera kapena otumbululuka achikasu pansi kuti athe kusiyanitsa mokwanira kuti azindikire mbali.
Matekinoloje apamwamba a PCB amathandizira luso la nthano:
Maikidwe Ophatikizidwa- Maikidwe olowetsedwa mu gawo lapansi amapereka zizindikiro zosagwirizana ndi kuvala / kung'ambika
Inki Yokwezeka- Imamanga nthano yokhazikika yokhazikika kuti ikhale yolemba pa zolumikizira, masiwichi etc.
Nthano za Glow- Muli ufa wonyezimira womwe umayendetsedwa ndi kuwala kuti uwoneke mumdima wothandizira
Nthano Zobisika- Inki yowonekera pokhapokha pakuwunikira kwa UV kumasunga chinsinsi
Peel-off - Nthano zosinthika zamagawo angapo zimawulula zambiri momwe zimafunikira pachomata chilichonse
Kutumikira kupitirira zolembera zoyambira, inki zanthano zosunthika zimathandizira magwiridwe antchito owonjezera.
Kufunika Pakupanga
Silkscreen ya PCB imathandizira makina opangira ma board ambiri. Makina osankha ndikuyika amadalira zolemba zamagulu ndi zotsimikizika munthano ya:
matabwa Centering
Kuzindikiritsa manambala/makhalidwe kudzera mu kuzindikira mawonekedwe
Kutsimikizira kupezeka/kusapezeka kwa magawo
Kuyang'ana ma polarity
Kuwonetsa kulondola kwa kuyika
Izi zimafulumizitsa kutsitsa kopanda zolakwika kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ngati 0201 (0.6mm x 0.3mm) kukula!
Makamera a post-population, automated optical inspection (AOI) amatchulanso nthanoyi kuti itsimikizire:
Mtundu wolondola wagawo / mtengo
Kuyenda koyenera
Zofananira (5% resistor tolerance etc)
Ubwino womaliza wa board motsutsana ndi fiducials
Ma barcode a matrix owerengeka ndi makina a QR olembedwa m'nthano amathandizanso kusanja ma board omwe amawalumikiza ku data yoyeserera.
Kutali ndi zachiphamaso, zowunikira za silika zimayendetsa makina, kutsata ndi kuwongolera pakupanga.
Miyezo ya PCB
Miyezo yamakampani imayang'anira zinthu zina zovomerezeka za silkscreen kuti zichepetse kugwirira ntchito komanso kukonza zinthu zamagetsi.
IPC-7351 - Zofunikira Zachilengedwe Pamapangidwe a Surface Mount ndi Land Pattern Standard
Chidziwitso chachigawo chokakamiza chokhala ndi cholembera (R8,C3), mtundu (RES,CAP) ndi mtengo (10K, 2u2).
Dzina la board, zidziwitso za block block
Zizindikiro zapadera ngati nthaka
IPC-6012 - Kuyenerera ndi Kuchita kwa Mabodi Osindikizidwa Okhazikika
Mtundu wazinthu (FR4)
Tsiku kodi (YYYY-MM-DD)
Tsatanetsatane wa gulu
Dziko/kampani yoyambira
Barcode/2D kodi
ANSI Y32.16 - Zizindikiro Zazithunzi za Zithunzi Zamagetsi ndi Zamagetsi
Zizindikiro za magetsi
Zizindikiro za chitetezo cha dziko
Zizindikiro zochenjeza za electrostatic
Zozindikiritsa zowoneka bwino zimafulumizitsa kuthetsa mavuto ndikukweza m'munda.
Zizindikiro za Mapazi Odziwika
Kugwiritsiranso ntchito zolembera zotsimikiziridwa za silkscreen pazigawo zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi zimasunga kusasinthika pamapangidwe a PCB othandizira.
| | Chigawo | Chizindikiro | Kufotokozera | |————|——————| | | Wotsutsa |
| | Ndondomeko yamakona anayi ikuwonetsa mtundu wazinthu, mtengo, kulolerana ndi madzi | | | Capacitor |
| | Semicircular radial/stacked masanjidwe okhala ndi capacitance value | | | Diode |
| | Mzere wa mivi umawonetsa komwe kumayendera wamba | | | LED |
| | Kufananiza mawonekedwe a phukusi la LED; amasonyeza cathode/anode | | | Crystal |
| | Makristalo opangidwa ndi hexagonal/parallelogram quartz yokhala ndi zikhomo pansi | | | Cholumikizira |
| | Chigawo cha banja la silhouette (USB,HDMI) yokhala ndi zikhomo zojambulidwa| | | Chiyembekezo |
| | Mapadi ozungulira ozungulira kuti atsimikizire ndi kuzindikira | | | Padi |
| | Chikho cha m'mphepete cha chipangizo chokwera pamwamba pazida zosalowerera ndale | | | Zokwanira |
| | Registration crosshair imathandizira kuyan'anila kwa makina |
Kutengera ndi nkhani, zolembera zoyenera zimathandizira kuzindikira.
Kufunika kwa Silkscreen Quality
Ndi ma PCB akuchulukirachulukira, kutulutsanso zambiri kumabweretsa zovuta. Nthano yochita bwino kwambiri iyenera kupereka:
1. Zizindikiro Zolondola Zogwirizana ndendende ndi zotera, m'mphepete ndi zina zomwe zimasunga 1: 1 kufanana ndi zomwe zili pansi pake.
2. Legibility Crisp, zolembera zosiyana kwambiri zomwe zimawerengedwa mosavuta; Zolemba zazing'ono ≥1.0mm kutalika, Mizere yabwino ≥0.15mm m'lifupi.
3. Kukhalitsa kumamatira mopanda chilema ku zipangizo zosiyanasiyana; imatsutsa kupsinjika kwa kukonza / kugwira ntchito.
4. Makulidwe olembetsa amafanana ndi CAD yoyambirira kulola kuwonekera kwa pamwamba kuti muunikenso ndi makina.
Nthano yopanda ungwiro yokhala ndi zilembo zosamveka, zokhotakhota kapena kulumikizana kosakwanira kumabweretsa zovuta zopanga kapena zolephera m'munda. Chifukwa chake mawonekedwe osasinthika a silkscreen amatsimikizira kudalirika kwa PCB.
Ngakhale zozindikiritsa zing'onozing'ono zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsogolere magwiridwe antchito adongosolo.
Zomwe Zikubwera
Kusintha kwakukulu pakusindikiza kolondola kumakulitsa luso la silkscreen:
Inki Yophatikizika: Zokwiriridwa mosamala pakati pa zigawo, nthano zophatikizidwa zimapewa kuvala zolimba zomwe zimafunikira muzamlengalenga, chitetezo ndi zamagetsi zamagalimoto.
Nthano Zobisika: Zizindikiro zosaoneka za ultraviolet florescent zomwe zimangowoneka pansi pa kuyatsa kwa UV zimathandizira kubisa zidziwitso zamwayi zamwayi monga mawu achinsinsi pamakina otetezeka.
Ma Peel Layers: Thandizani zomata zomwe zimalola ogwiritsa ntchito kuti aziwulula zina zowonjezera pakufunika.
Inki Yokwezeka: Pangani zolembera zolimba zokhazikika kuti mulembe mabatani, ma toggles ndi madoko olumikizirana ndi anthu.
Kukhudza mwaluso: Mitundu yowoneka bwino ndi zithunzi zowoneka bwino zimabwereketsa zokongoletsa ndikusunga magwiridwe antchito.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kotereku, silkscreen yamakono imapatsa mphamvu ma PCB kuti azidziwitsa, kuteteza, kuthandiza, komanso ngakhale kusangalatsa ogwiritsa ntchito pomwe akusungabe zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri.
Zitsanzo
Zatsopano za nthano zimawonekera m'madomeni onse:
SpaceTech - NASA's Mars Perseverance rover mu 2021 idanyamula ma PCB okhala ndi nthano zolimba zolimba zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito movutikira.
AutoTech - Wogulitsa magalimoto ku Germany a Bosch mu 2019 adavumbulutsa ma PCB anzeru okhala ndi zomata zowulula zidziwitso kwa ogulitsa ovomerezeka okha.
MedTech - Abbott's FreeStyle Libre yowunikira glucose mosalekeza masewera adakweza mabatani amphamvu kuti alowetse mosavuta ndi odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga.
5G Telecom - Chipset chamtundu wa Huawei cha Kirin 9000 chili ndi nthano zamitundu yambiri zowunikira madambwe monga purosesa ya pulogalamu, modemu ya 5G ndi malingaliro a AI.
Masewera - Makadi azithunzi a Nvidia a GeForce RTX amakhala ndi zowunikira zasiliva zapamwamba komanso ma logo achitsulo omwe amapereka chidwi cha Okonda.
IoT Wearables - Fitbit Charge smart band imanyamula ma PCB okhala ndi masensa angapo okhala ndi zidziwitso zolimba mkati mwa mbiri yaying'ono.
Zowonadi, chinsalu chowoneka bwino cha silika kunyumba m'zida zamagetsi zogulira kapena makina apadera akupitilizabe kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso cha ogwiritsa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Kusintha kwa Maluso
Pokankhidwa ndi zofuna zamakampani zomwe sizingasinthike, luso la nthano likupitilizabe kutulutsa mwayi watsopano.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Q1. Kodi mungawonere silika mbali zonse za PCB?
Inde, chotchinga cham'mbali chakumtunda chimakhala ndi zolembera zoyambira (zazinthu zomwe zili ndi anthu ambiri) pomwe mbali yakumunsi imakhala ndi zolemba zoyenera kupanga ngati malire kapena malangizo amayendedwe. Izi zimapewa kusokoneza mawonekedwe apamwamba.
Q2. Kodi chigoba cha solder chimateteza nthano ya silkscreen?
Chigoba cha solder choyikidwa pamwamba pa mkuwa wopanda kanthu pamaso pa silkscreen chimapereka kukana kwa mankhwala ndi makina kuteteza inki yosalimba yomwe ili pansi pa kukonza zosungunulira ndi kupsinjika kwapagulu. Chifukwa chake onse amagwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi nyimbo zotchingira chigoba komanso kuchuluka kwa nthano zotsogola.
Q3. Kodi makulidwe a silkscreen ndi otani?
Filimu ya inki yochiritsidwa ya silkscreen nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa 3-8 mils (75 - 200 microns). Zovala zokulirapo pamwamba pa 10 mils zimatha kukhudza malo okhala pomwe kuphimba kocheperako kumalephera kuteteza nthano. Kuwongolera makulidwe kumatsimikizira kulimba kokwanira.
Q4. Kodi mutha kuyika pansanjika ya silkscreen?
Zowonadi, mawonekedwe ophatikizika ngati ma board, ma tabo osokonekera kapena mabowo opangira zida amathandizira kukonza ma PCB ophatikizika kuti azitha kukonza / kunyamula. Tsatanetsatane wamagulu amalembedwa bwino pa silkscreen yomwe ili pamwamba yomwe imalola kuwonera bwino kuposa zigawo zamkati.
Q5. Kodi zowonetsera zobiriwira za silika ndizokonda?
Ngakhale mtundu uliwonse wowoneka bwino umagwira ntchito, mizere yophatikizira imakonda nthano zoyera kapena zobiriwira kuposa ma board otanganidwa kapena amitundu yakuda omwe amathandiza kuzindikira ndi makamera owoneka pansi. Komabe, zatsopano za kamera zomwe zikubwera zimagonjetsa malire, ndikutsegula zosankha zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Kutengera kuchulukirachulukira kwakupanga ndi kugwirira ntchito, mawonekedwe odzikuza a PCB amafika pamwambo wopereka kukongola mwa kuphweka! Imapatsa mphamvu ogwiritsa ntchito ndi mainjiniya mofanana pakupanga zinthu zonse ndi moyo wazinthu zopangira kuti apititse patsogolo kuthekera kwamagetsi. Zowonadi, okayikira akutonthola, zizindikiritso zazing'ono zosindikizidwa zomwazika m'mabwalo onse zimalankhula momveka bwino zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zodabwitsa zaukadaulo zamakono!
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-06-2023
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