Ma Rigid-flex printed circuit board (PCBs) ndi otchuka chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo komanso kulimba kwawo pamakompyuta osiyanasiyana. Ma board awa amadziwika chifukwa chotha kupirira kupindika ndi kupsinjika kwapang'onopang'ono kwinaku akusunga zolumikizira zodalirika zamagetsi.Nkhaniyi iwunika mozama zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma PCB okhwima kuti amvetsetse momwe amapangidwira komanso mawonekedwe awo. Powulula zida zomwe zimapanga ma PCB okhwima kukhala njira yolimba komanso yosinthika, titha kumvetsetsa momwe amathandizira pakupititsa patsogolo zida zamagetsi.
1. Kumvetsetsamawonekedwe okhwima a PCB:
A rigid-flex PCB ndi bolodi losindikizidwa lomwe limaphatikiza magawo okhwima komanso osinthika kuti apange mawonekedwe apadera. Kuphatikiza kumeneku kumathandizira kuti ma board ozungulira azikhala ndi magawo atatu, omwe amapereka kusinthasintha kwa mapangidwe ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa malo pazida zamagetsi. Mapangidwe a matabwa olimba-flex ali ndi zigawo zitatu zazikulu. Gawo loyamba ndi lolimba, lopangidwa ndi zinthu zolimba monga FR4 kapena chitsulo chachitsulo. Chosanjikiza ichi chimapereka chithandizo chadongosolo komanso kukhazikika kwa PCB, kuwonetsetsa kukhazikika kwake komanso kukana kupsinjika kwamakina.
Wachiwiri wosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza wosanjikiza wopangidwa ndi zipangizo monga polyimide (PI), liquid crystal polima (LCP) kapena poliyesitala (PET). Chosanjikiza ichi chimalola PCB kupinda, kupindika ndi kupindika popanda kusokoneza magwiridwe ake amagetsi. Kusinthasintha kwa gawoli ndikofunikira kwambiri pamapulogalamu omwe amafuna kuti PCB igwirizane ndi malo osakhazikika kapena olimba. Chigawo chachitatu ndi chomatira, chomwe chimagwirizanitsa zigawo zolimba ndi zosinthika pamodzi. Chosanjikiza ichi nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi epoxy kapena acrylic, osankhidwa kuti athe kupereka mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa zigawozo komanso kupereka zinthu zabwino zotchinjiriza magetsi. Zomata zomata zimagwira ntchito yofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kudalirika komanso moyo wautumiki wa matabwa olimba-flex.
Chigawo chilichonse mu mawonekedwe okhwima a PCB amasankhidwa mosamala ndikupangidwa kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zamakina ndi zamagetsi. Izi zimathandiza ma PCB kuti azigwira ntchito moyenera pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera pamagetsi ogula mpaka pazida zamankhwala ndi machitidwe apamlengalenga.
2.Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumagulu okhwima:
Pakumanga kosanjikiza kwa ma PCB okhazikika, zida zingapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kupereka chithandizo chofunikira komanso kukhulupirika. Zidazi zimasankhidwa mosamala malinga ndi makhalidwe awo enieni komanso zofunikira za ntchito. Zina mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazigawo zolimba mu ma PCB okhwima ndi awa:
A. FR4: FR4 ndi zinthu zosanjikiza zolimba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ma PCB. Ndi galasi-kulimbitsa epoxy laminate ndi zabwino matenthedwe ndi makina katundu. FR4 ili ndi kuuma kwakukulu, kuyamwa kwamadzi otsika komanso kukana kwamankhwala. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino ngati zosanjikiza zolimba chifukwa zimapereka kukhulupirika kwadongosolo komanso kukhazikika kwa PCB.
B. Polyimide (PI): Polyimide ndi chinthu chosinthika chosasunthika chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'mabwalo okhwima chifukwa cha kutentha kwake. Polyimide imadziwika chifukwa champhamvu zake zotchinjiriza zamagetsi komanso kukhazikika kwamakina, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zigawo zolimba mu ma PCB. Imasunga zinthu zake zamakina komanso zamagetsi ngakhale zitakhala zotentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
C. Metal Core: Nthawi zina, pakafunika kuwongolera bwino kwambiri kwamafuta, zida zachitsulo monga aluminiyamu kapena mkuwa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wosanjikiza wosanjikiza mu ma PCB okhazikika. Zidazi zimakhala ndi matenthedwe abwino kwambiri ndipo zimatha kutulutsa bwino kutentha kopangidwa ndi mabwalo. Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chachitsulo, matabwa okhwima amatha kuyendetsa bwino kutentha ndikupewa kutenthedwa, kuonetsetsa kudalirika kwa dera ndi ntchito.
Chilichonse mwazinthu izi chili ndi ubwino wake ndipo chimasankhidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za mapangidwe a PCB. Zinthu monga kutentha kwa ntchito, kupsinjika kwamakina ndi kuthekera kowongolera kutentha zonse zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuzindikira zida zoyenera kuphatikiza zigawo zolimba komanso zosinthika za PCB.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kusankha kwa zipangizo zamagawo okhwima mu ma PCB okhwima ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri pakupanga mapangidwe. Kusankhidwa koyenera kwa zinthu kumatsimikizira kukhulupirika kwapangidwe, kasamalidwe ka kutentha ndi kudalirika kwathunthu kwa PCB. Posankha zida zoyenera, opanga amatha kupanga ma PCB okhazikika omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira zamafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zamagalimoto, zakuthambo, zamankhwala, ndi matelefoni.
3.Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo losinthika:
Zigawo zosinthika mu ma PCB olimba-flex amathandizira kupindika ndi kupindika kwa matabwawa. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zosinthika ziyenera kuwonetsa kusinthasintha kwakukulu, kusinthasintha komanso kukana kupindika mobwerezabwereza. Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagawo osinthika ndi awa:
A. Polyimide (PI): Monga tanenera kale, polyimide ndi zinthu zosunthika zomwe zimagwira ntchito ziwiri mu ma PCB okhwima. Mu flex layer, imalola bolodi kupindika ndi kupindika popanda kutaya mphamvu zake zamagetsi.
B. Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP): LCP ndi chipangizo chapamwamba cha thermoplastic chomwe chimadziwika chifukwa cha makina ake abwino kwambiri komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri. Amapereka kusinthasintha kwabwino, kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe komanso kukana chinyezi pamapangidwe okhwima a PCB.
C. Polyester (PET): Polyester ndi zinthu zotsika mtengo, zopepuka komanso zosinthika bwino komanso zoteteza. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ma PCB okhazikika omwe amakhala otsika mtengo komanso opindika pang'ono ndi ofunika kwambiri.
D. Polyimide (PI): Polyimide ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magulu osinthasintha a PCB. Ili ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu, kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso katundu wabwino wamagetsi. Polyimide filimu mosavuta laminated, zokhazikika ndi womangidwa zigawo zina za PCB. Amatha kupirira kupindika mobwerezabwereza popanda kutaya mphamvu zawo zamagetsi, kuwapanga kukhala abwino kwa zigawo zosinthika.
E. Liquid crystal polima (LCP): LCP ndi zipangizo zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito thermoplastic zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati flexible layer mu ma PCB okhwima. Ili ndi zida zabwino zamakina, kuphatikiza kusinthasintha kwakukulu, kukhazikika kwazithunzi komanso kukana kwambiri kutentha kwambiri. Makanema a LCP ali ndi hygroscopicity yotsika ndipo ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo achinyezi. Amakhalanso ndi kukana kwamankhwala abwino komanso kutsika kwa dielectric pafupipafupi, kuwonetsetsa kuti akugwira ntchito modalirika m'mikhalidwe yovuta.
F. Polyester (PET): Polyester, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti polyethylene terephthalate (PET), ndi yopepuka komanso yotsika mtengo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu osinthika a PCBs okhwima. Kanema wa PET ali ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino, kulimba kwamphamvu kwambiri komanso kukhazikika kwamafuta. Mafilimuwa amakhala ndi chinyezi chochepa komanso amakhala ndi mphamvu zotchinjiriza zamagetsi. PET nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa ngati kuchita bwino komanso kupindika pang'ono ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga kwa PCB.
G. Polyetherimide (PEI): PEI ndi makina apamwamba kwambiri a thermoplastic omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zosinthika za PCBs zofewa zofewa. Ili ndi zinthu zabwino zamakina, kuphatikiza kusinthasintha kwakukulu, kukhazikika kwazithunzi komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri. Kanema wa PEI ali ndi mayamwidwe otsika a chinyezi komanso kukana kwamankhwala. Amakhalanso ndi mphamvu zambiri za dielectric komanso zotchingira magetsi, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta.
H. Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN): PEN ndi chinthu chopanda kutentha kwambiri komanso chosinthika chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma PCB okhwima. Ili ndi kukhazikika kwamafuta abwino, kuyamwa kochepa kwa chinyezi komanso makina abwino kwambiri. Mafilimu a PEN ndi osagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuwala kwa UV ndi mankhwala. Amakhalanso ndi ma dielectric otsika okhazikika komanso abwino kwambiri otchinjiriza magetsi. Filimu ya PEN imatha kupirira kupindika ndi kupindika mobwerezabwereza popanda kusokoneza mphamvu zake zamagetsi.
I. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS): PDMS ndi zinthu zotanuka zosinthika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zosinthika za PCB zofewa komanso zolimba. Iwo ali kwambiri mawotchi katundu, kuphatikizapo mkulu kusinthasintha, elasticity ndi kukana mobwerezabwereza kupinda. Makanema a PDMS amakhalanso ndi kukhazikika kwamafuta abwino komanso mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi. PDMS imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira zida zofewa, zotambasuka komanso zomasuka, monga zida zamagetsi zovala ndi zida zamankhwala.
Chilichonse mwazinthu izi chili ndi zabwino zake, ndipo kusankha kwa zinthu zosinthika zosanjikiza kumatengera zofunikira za kapangidwe ka PCB. Zinthu monga kusinthasintha, kukana kutentha, kukana chinyezi, kutsika mtengo komanso luso lopindika zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuzindikira zinthu zoyenera zosinthika mu PCB yokhazikika. Kuganizira mozama pazifukwa izi kumatsimikizira kudalirika kwa PCB, kulimba ndi magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana ndi mafakitale.
4.Zomatira mu ma PCB okhwima-flex:
Pofuna kulumikiza zigawo zolimba komanso zosinthika palimodzi, zomatira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga okhwima a PCB. Zida zomangirazi zimatsimikizira kugwirizana kwamagetsi kodalirika pakati pa zigawo ndikupereka chithandizo chofunikira cha makina. Zida ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi:
A. Utomoni wa Epoxy: Zomatira za epoxy resin zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa champhamvu zomangirira komanso mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zamagetsi. Amapereka kukhazikika kwamafuta abwino ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika kwa board board.
b. Acrylic: Zomatira zokhala ndi Acrylic ndizomwe amakonda pamagwiritsidwe pomwe kusinthasintha ndi kukana chinyezi ndikofunikira. Zomatirazi zimakhala ndi mphamvu yolumikizana bwino komanso nthawi yayitali yochiritsa kuposa ma epoxies.
C. Silicone: Zomatira za silicone zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamatabwa okhwima chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake, kukhazikika kwabwino kwa kutentha, komanso kukana chinyezi ndi mankhwala. Zomatira za silicone zimatha kupirira kutentha kwakukulu, kuzipanga kukhala zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kusinthasintha komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri. Amapereka mgwirizano wogwira mtima pakati pa zigawo zolimba ndi zosinthika pamene akusunga zofunikira zamagetsi.
D. Polyurethane: Zomata za polyurethane zimapereka kusinthasintha kwa kusinthasintha ndi mphamvu zomangirira mu ma PCB okhwima. Amamatira bwino ku magawo osiyanasiyana ndipo amapereka kukana kwambiri kwa mankhwala ndi kusintha kwa kutentha. Zomatira za polyurethane zimayamwanso kugwedezeka ndikupereka kukhazikika kwamakina kwa PCB. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zomwe zimafuna kusinthasintha komanso kulimba.
E. UV Curable Resin: Utoto wochirikizidwa ndi UV ndi zomatira zomwe zimachiritsa mwachangu zikakumana ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet (UV). Amapereka nthawi yolumikizana mwachangu komanso yochiritsira, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera kupanga kwambiri. Utoto wochiritsika ndi UV umapereka zomatira bwino kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zolimba komanso zosinthika. Amawonetsanso kwambiri kukana kwamankhwala komanso mphamvu zamagetsi. Utoto wochiritsika ndi UV nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma PCB okhazikika, pomwe nthawi yokonza mwachangu komanso kulumikizana kodalirika ndikofunikira.
F. Pressure Sensitive Adhesive (PSA): PSA ndi zinthu zomatira zomwe zimapanga mgwirizano pamene kukakamizidwa kukugwiritsidwa ntchito. Amapereka njira yabwino, yosavuta yolumikizira ma PCB okhwima. PSA imapereka kumamatira kwabwino ku malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza magawo olimba komanso osinthika. Amalola kuyikanso pamisonkhano ndipo amatha kuchotsedwa mosavuta ngati pakufunika. PSA imaperekanso kusinthika kwabwino komanso kusasinthika, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kupindika ndi kupindika kwa PCB.
Pomaliza:
Rigid-flex PCBs ndi gawo lofunikira pazida zamakono zamakono, zomwe zimalola mapangidwe ozungulira movutikira m'mapaketi ang'onoang'ono komanso osunthika. Kwa mainjiniya ndi opanga omwe akufuna kukhathamiritsa magwiridwe antchito komanso kudalirika kwazinthu zamagetsi, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga. Nkhaniyi imayang'ana kwambiri pazida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga PCB yokhazikika, kuphatikiza zigawo zolimba komanso zosinthika komanso zomatira. Poganizira zinthu monga kukhazikika, kusinthasintha, kukana kutentha ndi mtengo, opanga zamagetsi amatha kusankha zipangizo zoyenera malinga ndi zofunikira zawo zogwiritsira ntchito. Kaya ndi FR4 ya zigawo zolimba, polyimide ya zigawo zosinthika, kapena epoxy yomangirira, chinthu chilichonse chimagwira ntchito powonetsetsa kulimba ndi magwiridwe antchito a ma PCB okhazikika pamakampani amagetsi amakono amagwira ntchito yofunikira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-16-2023
Kubwerera
