The Ultimate Guide to PCB Prototyping Pogwiritsa Ntchito Real-Time Control Systems

Chiyambi:

Prototyping printed circuit board (PCBs) pogwiritsa ntchito machitidwe olamulira nthawi yeniyeni ingakhale ntchito yovuta komanso yovuta. Komabe, ndi zida zoyenera, chidziwitso, ndi luso, ntchitoyi imatha kumaliza bwino.Mu bukhuli lathunthu, tikudutsani njira zoyambira ndi njira zabwino zowonera ma PCB pogwiritsa ntchito makina owongolera munthawi yeniyeni.Kaya ndinu injiniya waukadaulo kapena wokonda zamagetsi, blog iyi ikupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira kuti malingaliro anu a PCB akhale owona.

1. Kumvetsetsa kapangidwe ka fanizo la PCB:

Musanadumphire kudziko la machitidwe owongolera nthawi yeniyeni, ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe zoyambira za PCB prototyping. Ma PCB ndi gawo lofunikira pazida zambiri zamagetsi, zomwe zimapereka malo olumikizirana ndi mabwalo. Kuti bwino prototype PCBs, muyenera kumvetsa kamangidwe, zigawo PCB, zigawo zikuluzikulu, ndi njira kupanga. Chidziwitso ichi chidzapanga maziko ophatikiza machitidwe olamulira nthawi yeniyeni mu ma PCB.

2. Sankhani zida zoyenera ndi zigawo zake:

Kuti muwonetse PCB pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yeniyeni yolamulira, muyenera kusankha zida zoyenera ndi zigawo zake. Choyamba, muyenera odalirika PCB kapangidwe mapulogalamu amene amapereka zenizeni nthawi kayeseleledwe luso. Mapulogalamu ena otchuka amaphatikizapo Eagle, Altium, ndi KiCad. Kenako, sankhani microcontroller kapena purosesa yomwe ikugwirizana ndi zomwe mukufuna. Zosankha zodziwika bwino ndi Arduino, Raspberry Pi, ndi FPGA board.

3. Kamangidwe ka PCB:

Masanjidwe a PCB amatenga gawo lofunikira pakuphatikizana bwino kwa machitidwe owongolera nthawi yeniyeni. Onetsetsani kuti zigawo zayikidwa bwino kuti zichepetse kusokoneza kwa ma sigino ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito. Ganizirani zinthu monga kutalika kwa trace, mphamvu ndi ndege zapansi, ndi kuwonongeka kwa kutentha. Gwiritsani ntchito zida za EDA (Electronic Design Automation) kuti muthandizire pakukonza masanjidwe ndikuwonjezera malamulo amapangidwe operekedwa ndi opanga kuti mupewe zovuta zopanga zomwe zimachitika.

4. Kuphatikizidwa ndi dongosolo lowongolera nthawi yeniyeni :

Machitidwe owongolera nthawi yeniyeni amatha kuyang'anira molondola ndikuwongolera zida zamagetsi. Kuti muphatikize kachitidwe kotere mu kapangidwe ka PCB, muyenera kumvetsetsa njira zosiyanasiyana zolumikizirana monga SPI, I2C, UART, ndi CAN. Zolumikizirazi zimathandizira kulumikizana kosasinthika ndi masensa, ma actuators, ndi zotumphukira zina. Komanso, mvetsetsani zilankhulo zamapulogalamu monga C/C++ ndi Python monga momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito polemba firmware yomwe imayenda pa ma microcontrollers.

5. Kuyesa ndi kubwereza:

Chitsanzo chikakonzeka, ndikofunikira kuti muyese bwino momwe chimagwirira ntchito. Gwiritsani ntchito zida zowonongeka ndi mapulogalamu kuti muwonetsetse kuti machitidwe owongolera nthawi yeniyeni akugwira ntchito monga momwe akuyembekezeredwa. Yesani zochitika zosiyanasiyana kuti mutsimikizire kuwerengedwa kwa sensor ndikuwonetsetsa kuwongolera koyenera kwa actuator. Ngati pali vuto lililonse, yang'anani vutoli ndikupitilira kubwereza mpaka mutakwaniritsa zomwe mukufuna.

Mapeto :

Ma PCB a Prototyping okhala ndi machitidwe owongolera nthawi yeniyeni amatsegula mwayi wopanda malire wopanga zida zamagetsi zamagetsi. Potsatira zizolowezi zomwe zakhazikitsidwa, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenera, ndikuphunzira nthawi zonse ndikubwerezabwereza, mutha kusintha malingaliro anu kukhala ma prototypes ogwira ntchito bwino. Vomerezani zovutazo, khalani oleza mtima, ndipo sangalalani ndi njira yosinthira mapangidwe anu a PCB kukhala owona.