M'dziko la matabwa osindikizira (PCBs), kusankha kwa zipangizo ndi njira zopangira zinthu kungakhudze kwambiri khalidwe ndi machitidwe a zipangizo zamagetsi. Kusiyanitsa kumodzi kotere ndi PCB yokhuthala yagolide, yomwe imapereka mwayi wapadera kuposa ma PCB wamba.Apa tikufuna kupereka chidziwitso chokwanira cha PCB yagolide wandiweyani, kufotokozera kapangidwe kake, zabwino zake, komanso kusiyana kwake ndi ma PCB achikhalidwe.
1.Kumvetsetsa Thick Gold PCB
Golide wokhuthala PCB ndi mtundu wapadera wa bolodi losindikizidwa lomwe lili ndi golide wokhuthala kwambiri pamwamba pake.Amapangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo zamkuwa ndi zida za dielectric zokhala ndi golide wowonjezera pamwamba. Ma PCB awa amapangidwa kudzera mu njira yopangira electroplating yomwe imatsimikizira kuti golide wosanjikiza ndi wogwirizana komanso womangika. Mosiyana ndi ma PCB wamba, ma PCB agolide okhuthala amakhala ndi golide wokhuthala kwambiri pamapeto omaliza. Kukula kwa golide pa PCB yokhazikika kumakhala pafupifupi mainchesi 1-2 kapena ma microns 0.025-0.05. Poyerekeza, ma PCB agolide wandiweyani amakhala ndi makulidwe a golide wa mainchesi 30-120 kapena ma microns 0.75-3.
2.Ubwino wa PCB wandiweyani wagolide
Ma PCB okhuthala a golide amapereka maubwino ambiri kuposa zosankha wamba, kuphatikiza kukhazikika kokhazikika, kuwongolera bwino komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba.
Kukhalitsa:
Chimodzi mwazabwino zazikulu za PCB zagolide wandiweyani ndikukhazikika kwawo kwapadera. Ma board awa amapangidwa kuti athe kupirira malo ovuta, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa mapulogalamu omwe nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi kutentha kwambiri kapena mikhalidwe yovuta. Kukhuthala kwa plating ya golide kumapereka chitetezo ku dzimbiri, oxidation ndi mitundu ina ya kuwonongeka, kuonetsetsa moyo wautali wa PCB.
Wonjezerani mphamvu yamagetsi:
Ma PCB okhuthala a golide ali ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yamagetsi, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho choyamba pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kufalitsa ma siginecha moyenera. Kuchulukira kwa plating ya golide kumachepetsa kukana ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito amagetsi, kuwonetsetsa kuti ma siginecha akuyenda mosasamala. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka m'mafakitale monga matelefoni, zakuthambo ndi zida zamankhwala, komwe kufalitsa deta yolondola komanso yodalirika ndikofunikira.
Kupititsa patsogolo kusungunuka:
Ubwino wina wa ma PCB agolide wandiweyani ndikuwongolera kwawo bwino. Kuchuluka kwa plating golide kumapangitsa kuyenda bwino kwa solder ndi kunyowetsa, kuchepetsa mwayi wazovuta za solder reflow panthawi yopanga. Izi zimatsimikizira zolumikizira zolimba komanso zodalirika zogulitsira, kuchotsa zolakwika zomwe zingatheke ndikuwongolera mtundu wazinthu zonse.
Moyo wolumikizana nawo:
Kulumikizana kwamagetsi pa PCB zagolide wandiweyani kumatenga nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa golide. Izi zimakulitsa kudalirika kwa kulumikizana ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo chakuwonongeka kwa ma siginecha kapena kulumikizana kwapakatikati pakapita nthawi. Choncho, ma PCBwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapulogalamu omwe ali ndi maulendo apamwamba olowetsa / kuchotsa, monga zolumikizira makhadi kapena ma module amakumbukiro, omwe amafunikira kugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali.
Limbikitsani kukana kuvala:
Ma PCB agolide okhuthala amachita bwino pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kuvala mobwerezabwereza. Kuchulukana kowonjezereka kwa plating ya golidi kumapereka chotchinga chotetezera chomwe chimathandiza kupirira kupukuta ndi kupukuta zotsatira za kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa zolumikizira, touchpads, mabatani ndi zida zina zomwe zimakonda kukhudzana nthawi zonse, kuwonetsetsa moyo wawo wautali komanso magwiridwe antchito osasinthika.
Chepetsani kutayika kwa chizindikiro:
Kutayika kwa ma siginecha ndi vuto lofala pamapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri. Komabe, ma PCB agolide wandiweyani amapereka yankho lothandiza lomwe lingachepetse kutayika kwa ma siginecha chifukwa chakuwongolera kwawo. Ma PCB awa amakhala ndi kukana kochepa kuti atsimikizire kukhulupirika kwa ma siginecha, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa data ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito. Chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga matelefoni, zida zopanda zingwe, ndi zida zothamanga kwambiri.
3.Kufunika kokulitsa makulidwe a golide pa PCB zagolide wandiweyani:
Kuchulukira kwa zokutira golide mu PCB zagolide wandiweyani kumagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika.Choyamba, imapereka chitetezo chowonjezera ku okosijeni ndi dzimbiri, kuonetsetsa kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kukhazikika ngakhale m'malo ovuta. Kuyika kwa golide wokhuthala kumagwira ntchito ngati chotchinga, kulepheretsa kusintha kulikonse pakati pa zinthu zamkuwa ndi mpweya wakunja, makamaka ngati zili ndi chinyezi, chinyezi, kapena zowononga mafakitale.
Kachiwiri, wosanjikiza golide wandiweyani kumawonjezera madutsidwe chonse ndi mphamvu kufala chizindikiro cha PCB.Golide ndi kondakitala wabwino kwambiri wamagetsi, kuposa mkuwa womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito potsata ma PCB wamba. Powonjezera golide pamtunda, ma PCB a golide wandiweyani amatha kukwaniritsa kutsika kwamphamvu, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa ma siginecha ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito akuyenda bwino, makamaka pamapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri kapena omwe amaphatikiza ma siginecha otsika.
Komanso, wandiweyani golide zigawo kupereka solderability bwino ndi amphamvu chigawo okwera pamwamba.Golide ali ndi solderability wabwino kwambiri, kulola zolumikizira zodalirika zogulitsira pamisonkhano. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa ngati ma solder ali ofooka kapena osakhazikika, angayambitse kulephera kwapakatikati kapena kwathunthu. Kuchulukira kwa golide kumapangitsanso kulimba kwamakina, kupangitsa ma PCB agolide wandiweyani kuti asamavale komanso kung'ambika komanso kugonjetsedwa ndi kupsinjika kwamakina ndi kugwedezeka.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti makulidwe owonjezereka a golide wosanjikiza mu PCB zagolide wandiweyani kumabweretsanso ndalama zambiri poyerekeza ndi ma PCB wamba.Njira yokulirapo yopangira golide imafunikira nthawi yowonjezera, zothandizira komanso ukadaulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zopangira zinthu zambiri. Komabe, pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri, kudalirika komanso moyo wautali, kuyika ndalama mu ma PCB okhuthala agolide nthawi zambiri kumaposa ziwopsezo zomwe zingatheke komanso ndalama zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma PCB wamba.
4.Kusiyanitsa pakati pa PCB wandiweyani wagolide ndi PCB wamba:
Ma PCB okhazikika nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zinthu za epoxy ndi wosanjikiza wamkuwa kumbali imodzi kapena zonse za bolodi. Zigawo zamkuwa izi zimakhazikika panthawi yopangira kupanga kuti apange zozungulira zofunika. Kukhuthala kwa mkuwa kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera momwe akugwiritsidwira ntchito, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala mumtundu wa 1-4 oz.
PCB yokhuthala yagolide, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, ili ndi plating yagolide yokulirapo poyerekeza ndi PCB wamba. Ma PCB okhazikika nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi makulidwe a golide a mainchesi 20-30 (ma microns 0.5-0.75), pomwe ma PCB agolide wokhuthala amakhala ndi makulidwe a golide a mainchesi 50-100 (1.25-2.5 microns).
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa PCBs zagolide wandiweyani ndi ma PCB okhazikika ndi makulidwe a golide wosanjikiza, zovuta kupanga, mtengo, madera ogwiritsira ntchito, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono kumadera otentha kwambiri.
Golide makulidwe:
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa PCB yagolide yakuda ndi PCB yokhazikika ndi makulidwe a golide wosanjikiza. PCB yokhuthala yagolide ili ndi plating ya golide yokulirapo kuposa PCB wamba. makulidwe owonjezerawa amathandiza kukonza kulimba kwa PCB ndi ntchito zamagetsi. Golidi wandiweyani wosanjikiza amapereka zokutira zoteteza zomwe zimakulitsa kukana kwa PCB ku dzimbiri, makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi kuvala. Izi zimapangitsa PCB kukhala yolimba m'malo ovuta, kuonetsetsa kuti ikugwira ntchito yodalirika kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuyika kwa golide wokhuthala kumathandizanso kuti magetsi aziyenda bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziziyenda bwino. Izi ndizothandiza makamaka pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira ma siginolo othamanga kwambiri kapena othamanga kwambiri, monga matelefoni, zida zamankhwala, ndi makina apamlengalenga.
Mtengo:
Poyerekeza ndi muyezo PCB, mtengo kupanga PCB wandiweyani golide nthawi zambiri apamwamba. Mtengo wokwerawu umachokera ku njira yopangira plating yomwe imafunikira zinthu zina zagolide kuti zikwaniritse makulidwe ofunikira. Komabe, kudalirika kokulirapo ndi magwiridwe antchito a ma PCB agolide wandiweyani kumalungamitsa mtengo wowonjezera, makamaka pamapulogalamu omwe zofunika zofunika ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa.
Malo ofunsira:
PCBs Standard chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ogula zamagetsi, machitidwe magalimoto ndi zipangizo mafakitale. Iwo ali oyenerera ntchito zomwe kudalirika kwakukulu sikuli kofunikira kwambiri. Komano, ma PCB okhuthala agolide, amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'magawo aukadaulo omwe amafunikira kudalirika komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba. Zitsanzo za madera ogwiritsira ntchitowa ndi makampani opanga ndege, zida zamankhwala, zida zankhondo, ndi njira zolumikizirana ndi matelefoni. M'maderawa, ntchito zovuta zimadalira zida zamagetsi zodalirika komanso zapamwamba kwambiri, kotero PCBs zagolide zakuda ndizo kusankha koyamba.
Kuvuta Kupanga:
Poyerekeza ndi ma PCB wamba, kupanga ma PCB agolide wandiweyani ndizovuta komanso kuwononga nthawi. Njira ya electroplating iyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamala kuti ikwaniritse makulidwe omwe amafunidwa. Izi zimawonjezera zovuta komanso nthawi yofunikira pakupanga. Kuwongolera molondola kwa plating ndikofunikira chifukwa kusiyanasiyana kwa makulidwe a golide kungakhudze magwiridwe antchito ndi kudalirika kwa PCB. Kupanga mosamalitsa kumeneku kumathandizira kuti ma PCB agolide aziwoneka bwino komanso azigwira ntchito.
Kukwanira kochepa kwa malo otentha kwambiri:
Ngakhale ma PCB agolide wandiweyani amachita bwino m'malo ambiri, sangakhale chisankho choyenera kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri. Pansi pa kutentha kwambiri, zigawo za golide wandiweyani zimatha kusokoneza kapena kusokoneza, zomwe zimakhudza machitidwe onse a PCB.
Pamenepa, njira zina zochizira pamwamba monga kumiza tin (ISn) kapena siliva womiza (IAg) zitha kukhala zabwino. Mankhwalawa amapereka chitetezo chokwanira ku zotsatira za kutentha kwambiri popanda kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a PCB.
Kusankha kwa zinthu za PCB kungakhudze kwambiri khalidwe ndi ntchito ya zipangizo zamagetsi. Ma PCB agolide okhuthala amapereka maubwino apadera monga kukhazikika kokhazikika, kusinthika kwapang'onopang'ono, kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri kwamagetsi, kudalirika kolumikizana bwino, komanso nthawi yayitali ya alumali.Ubwino wawo umalungamitsa mtengo wokwera wopangira ndikupangitsa kuti akhale oyenera makamaka m'mafakitale apadera omwe amaika patsogolo kudalirika, monga zakuthambo, zida zamankhwala, zida zankhondo, ndi njira zolumikizirana matelefoni. Kumvetsetsa kapangidwe kake, ubwino, ndi kusiyana pakati pa ma PCB agolide wandiweyani ndi ma PCB okhazikika ndikofunikira kwa mainjiniya, opanga, ndi opanga omwe akufuna kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito ndi moyo wautali wa zida zawo zamagetsi. Pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe apadera a PCB zagolide wandiweyani, amatha kuonetsetsa kuti makasitomala awo ali odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-13-2023
Kubwerera
