SMT solder bridging ndizovuta zomwe opanga zamagetsi amakumana nazo panthawi ya msonkhano. Chodabwitsa ichi chimachitika pamene solder mosadziwa zikugwirizana zigawo ziwiri moyandikana kapena madera conductive, chifukwa cha dera lalifupi kapena kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito.M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza zovuta za milatho yogulitsira ya SMT, kuphatikizapo zomwe zimayambitsa, njira zodzitetezera, ndi mayankho ogwira mtima.
1.Kodi SMT PCB Solder Bridging ndi chiyani:
SMT solder bridging yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "solder short" kapena "solder bridge," imachitika panthawi yophatikizira zida zaukadaulo wapamtunda (SMT) pa bolodi losindikizidwa (PCB). Mu SMT, zigawo zikuluzikulu zimayikidwa mwachindunji ku PCB pamwamba, ndipo phala la solder limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kugwirizana kwa magetsi ndi makina pakati pa chigawo ndi PCB. Panthawi ya soldering, phala la solder limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapepala a PCB ndi kutsogolera kwa zigawo za SMT. PCB imatenthedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phala la solder lisungunuke ndikuyenda, ndikupanga mgwirizano pakati pa chigawocho ndi PCB.
2.Zomwe Zimayambitsa SMT PCB Solder Bridging:
SMT solder bridging imachitika pamene kugwirizana kosayembekezereka kwapangidwa pakati pa mapepala oyandikana nawo kapena kutsogolera pa bolodi losindikizidwa (PCB) panthawi ya msonkhano. Chodabwitsa ichi chingayambitse maulendo afupikitsa, kugwirizana kolakwika ndi kulephera kwathunthu kwa zipangizo zamagetsi.
SMT solder milatho imatha kuchitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa phala la solder, kapangidwe ka stencil kolakwika kapena kolakwika, kusakwanira kwa mgwirizano wa solder, kuipitsidwa kwa PCB, ndi zotsalira zochulukirapo.Osakwanira kuchuluka kwa solder phala ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa za solder milatho. Pa ndondomeko yosindikiza ya stencil, phala la solder limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapepala a PCB ndi chigawo chotsogolera. Ngati simugwiritsa ntchito phala lokwanira la solder, mutha kukhala ndi kutalika kocheperako, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sipadzakhala malo okwanira kuti phala la solder lilumikize bwino gawolo ku pad. Izi zingayambitse kulekanitsa kosayenera ndi kupanga milatho ya solder pakati pa zigawo zoyandikana. Mapangidwe olakwika a stencil kapena kusanja bwino kungayambitsenso kulumikizidwa kwa solder.
Ma stencil opangidwa molakwika amatha kuyambitsa kuyika kwa solder phala panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito solder phala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pangakhale phala la solder lambiri m'madera ena komanso madera ena ochepa.Wosayenerera solder phala mafunsidwe zingachititse solder mlatho pakati zigawo moyandikana kapena madera conductive pa PCB. Momwemonso, ngati stencil siinagwirizane bwino panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito solder paste, ikhoza kuchititsa kuti ma depositi a solder asokonezeke ndikupanga milatho ya solder.
Kusakwanira kwa mgwirizano wa solder ndi chifukwa china cha solder bridging. Pa ndondomeko soldering, ndi PCB ndi solder phala ndi usavutike mtima kwa kutentha kwapadera kuti solder phala amasungunuka ndi umayenda kupanga olowa solder.Ngati mawonekedwe a kutentha kapena makonda a reflow sanakhazikitsidwe bwino, phala la solder silingasungunuke kwathunthu kapena kuyenda bwino. Izi zingayambitse kusungunuka kosakwanira komanso kulekanitsa kosakwanira pakati pa mapepala oyandikana nawo kapena ma lead, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma solder bridging.
Kuyipitsidwa kwa PCB ndi chifukwa chofala cha kutsekereza kwa solder. Asanayambe kugulitsa, zonyansa monga fumbi, chinyezi, mafuta, kapena zotsalira zowonongeka zingakhalepo pa PCB pamwamba.Zowonongekazi zimatha kusokoneza kunyowetsa koyenera ndi kutuluka kwa solder, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti solder apange kugwirizana mwangozi pakati pa mapepala oyandikana nawo kapena otsogolera.
Kuchulukirachulukira kotsalira kungayambitsenso milatho ya solder kupanga. Flux ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa ma oxide pamalo azitsulo ndikulimbikitsa kunyowetsa solder panthawi ya soldering.Komabe, ngati kutulukako sikunatsukidwe mokwanira pambuyo pa soldering, ikhoza kusiya zotsalira. zotsalira izi akhoza kuchita ngati sing'anga conductive, kulola solder kulenga kugwirizana mosayembekezereka ndi solder milatho pakati ziyangoyango moyandikana kapena amatsogolera pa PCB.
3. Njira zodzitetezera pamilatho yogulitsira ya SMT PCB:
A. Konzani mapangidwe a stencil ndi kuyanjanitsa: Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri poletsa milatho ya solder ndikukonza mapangidwe a stencil ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akugwirizana bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito phala la solder.Izi zikuphatikizapo kuchepetsa kukula kwa kabowo kuti athe kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa phala la solder lomwe limayikidwa pamapadi a PCB. Zing'onozing'ono za pore zimathandizira kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa kufalikira kwa phala la solder ndikuyambitsa bridging. Kuphatikiza apo, kuzungulira m'mphepete mwa mabowo a stencil kumatha kulimbikitsa kutulutsidwa kwa phala la solder ndikuchepetsa chizolowezi cha solder kulumikiza pakati pa mapepala oyandikana nawo. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsutsana ndi bridging, monga kuphatikizira milatho ing'onoing'ono kapena mipata pamapangidwe a stencil, kungathandizenso kupewa kulumikiza kwa solder. Izi kupewa mlatho mbali kulenga chotchinga thupi kuti midadada otaya solder pakati pa ziyangoyango moyandikana, potero kuchepetsa mwayi solder mlatho mapangidwe. Kuyanjanitsa koyenera kwa template panthawi yodulira ndikofunikira kuti pakhale malo ofunikira pakati pa zigawo. Misalignment kumabweretsa m'modzi solder phala mafunsidwe, amene kumawonjezera chiopsezo milatho solder. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana monga masomphenya kapena kuyika kwa laser kumatha kutsimikizira kuyika kwa stencil ndikuchepetsa kupezeka kwa solder bridging.
B. Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa phala la solder: Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa phala la solder ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kuyika mopitirira muyeso, zomwe zingayambitse kulumikiza kwa solder.Zinthu zingapo ziyenera kuganiziridwa pozindikira kuchuluka kwa solder phala. Izi zikuphatikizapo phula lachigawo, makulidwe a stencil, ndi kukula kwa pad. chigawo katayanitsidwe amatenga mbali yofunika kwambiri kudziwa kuchuluka kwa solder phala chofunika. Kuyandikira kwa zigawozo kuli kwa wina ndi mzake, phala lochepa la solder likufunika kuti mupewe kulumikiza. Kuchuluka kwa stencil kumakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa phala la solder lomwe layikidwa. Ma stencil okhuthala amakonda kuyika phala wambiri, pomwe zocheperako zimayika phala locheperako. Kusintha makulidwe a stencil malinga ndi zofunikira zenizeni za msonkhano wa PCB kungathandize kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa phala la solder lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kukula kwa mapepala pa PCB kuyeneranso kuganiziridwa pozindikira kuchuluka koyenera kwa phala la solder. Mapadi akuluakulu angafunikire voliyumu ya solder phala, pomwe mapepala ang'onoang'ono angafunike kuchuluka kwa phala la solder. Kusanthula moyenera zosinthika izi ndikusintha voliyumu ya solder paste moyenera kungathandize kupewa kuyika kwa solder mochulukira ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha solder bridging.
C. Kuonetsetsa kuti mgwirizano wa solder ukuyenda bwino: Kukwaniritsa kuyambiranso kwa mgwirizano wa solder ndikofunikira kuti muteteze milatho ya solder.Izi zikuphatikizapo kukhazikitsa mbiri yoyenera ya kutentha, nthawi yokhalamo, ndi makonzedwe a reflow panthawi ya soldering. Mbiri ya kutentha imatanthawuza kutenthetsa ndi kuziziritsa komwe PCB imadutsa panthawi yobwezeretsanso. Kutentha kovomerezeka kwa phala la solder lomwe lagwiritsidwa ntchito liyenera kutsatiridwa. Izi zimatsimikizira kusungunuka kwathunthu ndi kutuluka kwa phala la solder, kulola kunyowetsa koyenera kwa chigawo chotsogolera ndi ma PCB pamene kulepheretsa kuyambiranso kosakwanira kapena kosakwanira. Nthawi yokhazikika, yomwe imatanthawuza nthawi yomwe PCB imakumana ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri, iyeneranso kuganiziridwa mosamala. Nthawi yokwanira yokhalamo imalola phala la solder kuti lisungunuke ndikupanga zofunikira za intermetallic, potero kumapangitsa kuti mgwirizano wa solder ukhale wabwino. Kusakwanira kwa nthawi yokhalamo kumabweretsa kusungunuka kosakwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma solder osagwirizana komanso chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha milatho ya solder. Zokonda reflow, monga liwiro la conveyor ndi kutentha kwambiri, ziyenera kukonzedwa kuti zitsimikizire kusungunuka kwathunthu ndi kulimba kwa phala la solder. Ndikofunikira kuwongolera liwiro la conveyor kuti mukwaniritse kutentha kokwanira komanso nthawi yokwanira kuti phala la solder liziyenda ndikulimbitsa. Kutentha kwapamwamba kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa pamlingo woyenera kwambiri wa phala la solder, kuwonetsetsa kuti zikuyendanso bwino popanda kuyambitsa kuyika kwa solder kapena kutsekereza.
D. Sinthani ukhondo wa PCB: Kasamalidwe koyenera ka ukhondo wa PCB ndi wofunikira kuti mupewe kulumikizidwa kwa solder.Kuipitsidwa pa PCB pamwamba akhoza kusokoneza solder wetting ndi kuonjezera mwayi wa solder mlatho mapangidwe. Kuchotsa zonyansa musanayambe kuwotcherera ndikofunikira. Kuyeretsa bwino ma PCBs pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyeretsera ndi njira zoyenera kumathandizira kuchotsa fumbi, chinyezi, mafuta, ndi zonyansa zina. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti phala la solder limanyowetsa bwino mapepala a PCB ndi chigawo chotsogolera, kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa milatho ya solder. Kuonjezera apo, kusunga bwino ndi kusamalira ma PCB, komanso kuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi anthu, kungathandize kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa ndi kusunga ndondomeko yonse ya msonkhano.
E. Kuyang'ana ndi Kukonzanso Pambuyo pa Soldering: Kuyang'ana mozama ndi kuyang'ana maso (AOI) pambuyo pa kugulitsa ndi kofunika kwambiri kuti muzindikire zovuta zilizonse za solder.Kuzindikira mwamsanga milatho ya solder kumapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yokonzanso ndi kukonzanso kuti akonze vutolo asanabweretse mavuto ena kapena kulephera. Kuyang'ana kowoneka kumaphatikizapo kuyang'ana mozama za zolumikizira za solder kuti muzindikire zizindikiro zilizonse za bridging ya solder. Zida zokulirapo, monga maikulosikopu kapena loupe, zingathandize kuzindikira kukhalapo kwa mlatho wamano. Makina a AOI amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowunikira zithunzi kuti azindikire ndi kuzindikira zolakwika za mlatho wa solder. Machitidwewa amatha kupanga sikani ma PCB mwachangu ndikupereka kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwamtundu wa solder olowa, kuphatikiza kukhalapo kwa bridging. Makina a AOI ndiwothandiza kwambiri pozindikira milatho ing'onoing'ono, yovuta kupeza yomwe ingasowe poyang'ana maso. Mlatho wa solder ukapezeka, uyenera kukonzedwanso ndikukonzedwa nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenera ndi njira zochotsera solder ochulukirapo ndikulekanitsa kulumikizana kwa mlatho. Kutenga njira zoyenera kukonza milatho ya solder ndikofunikira kuti mupewe mavuto ena ndikuwonetsetsa kudalirika kwa mankhwala omalizidwa.
4. Njira zothetsera SMT PCB Solder Bridging:
A. Pamanja desoldering: Kwa milatho ang'onoang'ono solder, Buku solder kuchotsa ndi njira yothetsera bwino, ntchito bwino nsonga soldering chitsulo pansi maginifying galasi kupeza ndi kuchotsa solder mlatho.Tekinoloje iyi imafunikira kusamala mosamala kuti zisawonongeke pazinthu zozungulira kapena madera oyendetsa. Kuti muchotse milatho ya solder, tenthetsani nsonga ya chitsulo chosungunula ndikuyiyika mosamala ku solder yowonjezera, kusungunula ndikusuntha kuchoka panjira. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti nsonga ya chitsulo cha soldering sichikukhudzana ndi zigawo zina kapena madera kuti zisawonongeke. Njirayi imagwira ntchito bwino pomwe mlatho wa solder ukuwoneka komanso wofikirika, ndipo chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti chisasunthike bwino komanso choyendetsedwa bwino.
B. Gwiritsani ntchito chitsulo chosungunuka ndi waya wa solder pokonzanso: Kukonzanso pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosungunuka ndi waya wa solder (wotchedwanso desoldering braid) ndi njira ina yabwino yothetsera milatho ya solder.Chingwe cha solder chimapangidwa ndi waya woonda wamkuwa wokutidwa ndi flux kuti zithandizire pakuwonongeka. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito njirayi, chingwe cha solder chimayikidwa pamwamba pa solder yowonjezera ndipo kutentha kwachitsulo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chingwe cha solder. Kutentha kumasungunula solder ndipo chingwechi chimatenga solder yosungunuka, potero imachotsa. Njirayi imafunikira luso komanso kulondola kuti mupewe kuwononga zinthu zosakhwima, ndipo munthu ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti pamakhala kuphimba kokwanira kwa solder pa mlatho wa solder. Izi zingafunikire kubwerezedwa kangapo kuti muchotse kwathunthu solder.
C. Kuzindikira ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mlatho wa solder: Njira zowunikira zapamwamba zokhala ndi ukadaulo wowonera makina zimatha kuzindikira mwachangu milatho ya solder ndikuthandizira kuchotsedwa kwawo kudzera pakutentha kwa laser kapena ukadaulo wa jet air.Mayankho odzichitira okhawa amapereka kulondola kwambiri komanso kuchita bwino pakuzindikira ndikuchotsa milatho ya solder. Makina owonera makina amagwiritsa ntchito makamera ndi ma aligorivimu osintha zithunzi kuti aunike mtundu wolumikizana ndi ogulitsa ndikuwona zolakwika zilizonse, kuphatikiza milatho yogulitsira. Akazindikiridwa, dongosololi limatha kuyambitsa njira zingapo zothandizira. Njira imodzi yotereyi ndikutentha kwa laser komweko, komwe laser imagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha kutentha ndikusungunula mlatho wa solder kuti uchotsedwe mosavuta. Njira inanso ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito ndege yokhazikika yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wowongolera kuti uwombere solder mopitilira muyeso popanda kukhudza zigawo zozungulira. Machitidwe odzipangira okhawa amapulumutsa nthawi ndi khama pamene akuwonetsetsa zotsatira zosasinthika komanso zodalirika.
D. Gwiritsani ntchito kusankha mafunde a soldering: Selective wave soldering ndi njira yodzitetezera yomwe imachepetsa chiopsezo cha solder milatho panthawi ya soldering.Mosiyana ndi chikhalidwe yoweyula soldering, amene amamiza PCB lonse mu yoweyula solder wosungunuka, kusankha yoweyula soldering imagwira ntchito solder wosungunula kumadera enaake, kulambalala mosavuta mlatho zigawo zikuluzikulu kapena madera conductive. Ukadaulowu umatheka pogwiritsa ntchito mphuno yoyendetsedwa bwino kapena yowotcherera yomwe imayang'ana malo omwe mukufuna kuwotcherera. Mwa kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito solder, chiwopsezo cha kufalikira kwa solder ndi bridging kumatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri. Selective wave soldering imagwira ntchito makamaka pa PCBs ndi masanjidwe ovuta kapena zigawo zikuluzikulu kachulukidwe kumene chiwopsezo cha solder bridging ndi apamwamba. Amapereka kuwongolera kwakukulu ndi kulondola panthawi yowotcherera, kuchepetsa mwayi wa milatho ya solder.
Powombetsa mkota, SMT solder bridging ndivuto lalikulu lomwe lingakhudze njira yopangira komanso mtundu wazinthu pakupanga zamagetsi. Komabe, pomvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa ndi kutenga njira zodzitetezera, opanga amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri zochitika za solder bridging. Kukonza mapangidwe a stencil ndikofunikira chifukwa kumapangitsa kuti pakhale phala loyenera la solder ndikuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi phala lochulukirapo lomwe limayambitsa kutsekeka. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwongolera voliyumu ya solder phala ndi magawo obwereranso monga kutentha ndi nthawi kungathandize kukwaniritsa mapangidwe abwino kwambiri olumikizirana ndi solder ndikuletsa kulumikiza. Kusunga PCB pamwamba woyera n'kofunika kwambiri kupewa solder mlatho, choncho n'kofunika kuonetsetsa kuyeretsa bwino ndi kuchotsa zoipitsa zilizonse kapena zotsalira pa bolodi. Njira zowunikira pambuyo pa weld, monga kuyang'ana kowoneka kapena makina odzipangira okha, amatha kuzindikira kukhalapo kwa milatho iliyonse ya solder ndikuthandizira kukonzanso nthawi yake kuti athetse mavutowa. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezerazi ndikukhazikitsa njira zothetsera mavuto, opanga zamagetsi amatha kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha SMT solder bridging ndikuonetsetsa kuti pakupanga zipangizo zamagetsi zodalirika, zapamwamba kwambiri. Dongosolo lolimba lowongolera khalidwe labwino komanso kulimbikira kosalekeza ndikofunikiranso kuyang'anira ndikuthana ndi zovuta zilizonse zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza. Pochita zinthu zoyenera, opanga amatha kukulitsa luso la kupanga, kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukonzanso ndi kukonza, ndipo pamapeto pake amapereka zinthu zomwe zimakwaniritsa kapena kupitilira zomwe makasitomala amayembekeza.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-11-2023
Kubwerera
