4-Layer PCB Solutions: EMC ndi Signal Integrity Impacts

Zotsatira za 4-layer circuit board routing ndi kusanjikizana kwa ma electromagnetic ndi kukhulupirika kwa ma sign nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa zovuta kwa mainjiniya ndi opanga.Kuthana ndi mavutowa moyenera ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikuyenda bwino komanso kuti zida zamagetsi ziziyenda bwino.Mu positi iyi yabulogu, tikambirana momwe tingathetsere vuto la 4-wosanjikiza mawaya a board board ndi masitayilo osanjikiza pama electromagnetic komanso kukhulupirika kwa ma sign.

Zikafika pakukhudzidwa kwa ma 4-layer circuit board routing pa electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) ndi kukhulupirika kwa ma siginecha, chimodzi mwazodetsa nkhawa chachikulu ndichotheka.Crosstalk ndi kulumikiza kosafunikira kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi pakati pa zotsatizana kapena zinthu zina pa PCB, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma sign asokonezeke komanso kuwonongeka.Kutsekereza koyenera ndi kulekanitsa pakati pa mitsetse kungachepetse vutoli.

Kuti mukwaniritse bwino EMC ndi kukhulupirika kwa ma siginecha, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yamapangidwe yomwe imatha kuyerekeza ndikusanthula molondola.Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamapulogalamu monga ma electromagnetic field solvers, opanga amatha kuwunika kuthekera kwa crosstalk m'malo enieni asanapitilize kujambula.Njirayi imapulumutsa nthawi, imachepetsa ndalama, komanso imawongolera khalidwe lapangidwe lonse.

Mbali ina yofunika kuganizira ndi kusankha PCB masanjidwe zipangizo.Kuphatikiza kwa zida zoyenera za dielectric ndi makulidwe oyenera kumatha kukhudza kwambiri machitidwe amagetsi a PCB.Zida zamtengo wapatali zokhala ndi kutayika kwa dielectric otsika komanso katundu wowongolera zimathandizira kukulitsa kukhulupirika kwa ma siginecha ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa kwamagetsi.

Kuphatikiza apo, malo osanjikiza mkati mwa 4-wosanjikiza wozungulira board amatha kukhudza kwambiri EMC ndi kukhulupirika kwazizindikiro.Moyenera, mipata pakati pa zigawo zoyandikana ndi PCB iyenera kukonzedwa kuti muchepetse kusokoneza kwa ma elekitirodi ndikuwonetsetsa kufalikira koyenera.Miyezo yamakampani ndi zitsogozo zamapangidwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa pozindikira malo oyenera osanjikiza ntchito inayake.

Kuti athetse mavutowa, njira zotsatirazi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito:

1. Kuyika zinthu mosamala:Kuyika kwachigawo kothandiza kumathandiza kuchepetsa crosstalk pa PCB.Poyika zinthu mwanzeru, opanga amatha kuchepetsa kutalika kwa ma siginecha othamanga kwambiri ndikuchepetsa kusokoneza komwe kungachitike ndi ma elekitiroma.Njirayi ndiyofunikira makamaka pochita ndi zigawo zofunikira komanso mabwalo okhudzidwa.

2. Mapangidwe apansi:Kupeza malo olimba ndi ukadaulo wofunikira wowongolera EMC ndikuwongolera kukhulupirika kwazizindikiro.Zosanjikiza pansi zimagwira ntchito ngati chishango, kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa mafunde a electromagnetic ndikuletsa kusokoneza pakati pa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana.Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa njira zoyenera zoyambira pansi, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ma vias angapo kulumikiza ndege zapansi pazigawo zosiyanasiyana.

3. Mapangidwe amitundu ingapo:Kapangidwe koyenera ka stackup kumaphatikizapo kusankha masanjidwe oyenera a siginecha, nthaka, ndi zigawo za mphamvu.Ma stackups opangidwa mosamala amathandizira kukwaniritsa zowongolera, kuchepetsa kufalikira, komanso kuwongolera kukhulupirika kwa ma sign.Zizindikiro zothamanga kwambiri zimatha kuyendetsedwa pagawo lamkati kuti zisasokonezedwe ndi magwero akunja.

Ukadaulo wa Capel pakulimbikitsa EMC ndi kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro:

Pokhala ndi zaka 15, Capel akupitiriza kukonza njira zake zopangira ndikugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apamwamba kuti akwaniritse bwino EMC ndi kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro.Zodziwika bwino za Capel ndi izi:
- Kafukufuku Wazambiri:Capel amaika ndalama pakufufuza mozama kuti azindikire zomwe zikuchitika komanso zovuta pamapangidwe a PCB kuti apitirire patsogolo.
- Zida zamakono:Capel imagwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono kupanga ma PCB osinthika ndi ma PCB osasunthika, kuwonetsetsa kuti ali olondola kwambiri komanso abwino kwambiri.
- Akatswiri Aluso:Capel ali ndi gulu la akatswiri odziwa zambiri omwe ali ndi ukadaulo wozama pamunda, wopereka zidziwitso zofunikira komanso kuthandizira kukulitsa EMC ndi kukhulupirika kwazizindikiro.

Powombetsa mkota

Kumvetsetsa kukhudzika kwa mayendedwe a 4-wosanjikiza ma boardboard ndi kusanja kwapakati pa ma elekitiromaginito komanso kukhulupirika kwa ma siginecha ndikofunikira pakupanga bwino kwa zida zamagetsi.Pogwiritsa ntchito kayezedwe kapamwamba, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoyenera, ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira bwino, akatswiri amatha kuthana ndi zovutazi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yonse ya PCB ndi yodalirika.Pokhala ndi chidziwitso chochuluka komanso kudzipereka kuti azichita bwino, Capel amakhalabe mnzake wodalirika pothana ndi mavutowa.Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zogwirira ntchito pamakonzedwe a bolodi, kuyika pansi ndi kuwongolera ma sigino, kwinaku akugwiritsa ntchito ukatswiri wa Capel, opanga amatha kuchepetsa EMI, kukulitsa kukhulupirika kwa ma sign, ndikupanga ma board odalirika komanso ogwira mtima.